INDEX. 



959 



Lichens, dissemination of sporea, i. 246. 



— epiphytic, i. 77. 



formerly treated as parasites, i. 159. 



— etching of marble pillar by, i. 257, 



— families of, ii. 693. 



— FoUaceous, habit of, i. 244. 



— force of hyphal threads, i, 513. 



— forming rings, ii. 793. 



— Fruticose, charaoteristics of, i, 245. 



— gelatinous, i. 244 ; ii. 694. 



— hyphso and Algse, ii. 693. 



— on Lorauthus,- i. 212. 



— part played by constituent members, 



sensitiveness to environment, &c., i. 247. 



— soredia, ii. 24. 

 dispersal, ii. 816. 



— substratum, ii. 498. 



— symbiotic nature, i. 244 ; ii. 682. 

 Life, cycle of, i. 264. 



— discussion of origin, ii. 597. 



— ever-interesting question of, i. 21. 

 Life-history of a Fern, ii. 476, 708. 



Light, affects geographical distribution, 1. 

 394. 



— and anthocyanin, ii. 510. 



— and form of leaves, i. 430. 



— and direction of branching, i. 414. 



— and habit of plants, ii. 504. 



— and opening of flowers, ii. 219. 

 ~ and position of leaves, i. 409. 



— and retardation of growth, ii. 407. 



— and sexual organs of Vaucheria, ii. 644. 



— avoiding tendrils, 1. 699. 



— bright, effect on chlorophyll, ii. 511. 



— effect of varying intensity, i. 381. 



— influence on formation of zoospores and 



gametes, ii. 632. 



— transformation into heat, 1. 519, 

 Light-waves, length, i. 571. 

 Lignification, of hairs, i. 441. 



— use of, i. 474. 

 Lignin, formation, i. 458. 



Ligulate florets and nocturnal radiation, i. 

 530. 



of CompositBS, ii. 114. 



Ligule, function in arundinaceous plants, i. 98. 



— of Grasses, i. 427; ii. 746. 



— of Isoetes, ii. 716, 717. 



— of Selaginella, ii. 715. 



Ligu strum vulgare, dates of flowering, i. 519, 



Witches' Broom galls, ii. 548. 



Lilac. See Syringa vulga/ris. 



Lilac scent, ii. 201. 



Lihacese, dehiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 93. 



— geitooogamy in, ii. 325. 



— general characters, ii. 730. 



— incompletely protogynous genera, ii. 311. 



— polyembryouy in, ii. 468. 

 Liliflorese, hybrids among, ii. 583. 



— various, ii. 729. 



Lilioidese, distinctive characters, ii. 731. 

 Lihum. pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



— propagation, ii. 556. 



Lilium album, bulb scales, i. 624. 



cross-fertilization, ii. 301. 



duration of flowering, ii. 213. 



Lilium auratum, size of flowers, ii. 185. 

 Lilium bulbiferum, bulbils, ii. 461. 



cross-fertilization, ii. 301. 



heterogamy advantageous, ii. 578. 



unfruitful artificial autogamy, ii. 406. 



Lilium candidum, dates of flowering, i. 519. 



flower-opening constant, i. 559. 



protection of pollen, ii, 119. 



Lilium Garniolicum, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Lilium Chalcedonicum, nectaries, ii. 176. 

 Lilium croceum, absence of vegetative pro- 

 pagation, ii. 461. 

 Lilium Martagon, bulb scales, i. 624. 



course of pollen-tubes, ii. 408. 



downward pull of roots, i. 767. 



leaf-movements, i. 339. 



nectaries, ii. 176. 



- — protogynous, ii. 311. 



seed dispersal, ii. 447. 



stigma and germinating poUen-grains, 



ii. 409. 



Lilium Martagon, stomata, i. 339. 



Lilium tigrinum, stamen of green flower, ii. 

 86. 



Lily-of-the-valley. See ConvallaHa majalia. 



Lime. See Tilia. 



Linie, accumulation by snails and hydro- 

 phytes, solution and reprecipitation, i. 

 260. 



— amount formed by Potamogeton lucens, 



admixed mineral substances, i. 261. 

 Lime, bicarbonate, excretion by water- 

 absorbing organs, conversion into mono- 

 carbonate, i. 234. 



— importance of, in nutrition, i. 67. 



Lime incrustation, and preservation of fossil 

 plants, ii. 612. 



in Chara, ii. 660. 



in Oodiaceae, ii. 645. 



of Hydrophytes, i. 61. 



— ~ restrictive of transpiration, i. 313. 



— oxalate of, i. 42. 



— protective incrustation over absorption- 



cells in Saxifraga Aizoon, &c., i. 234. 



— protective incrustations on leaves, i. 235. 

 Limestone, corrosion by plants, i. 258. 



-^ humus on, ii. 499. 



— limits of vegetation, vertical, i. 527. 

 Limnanthemum, habit, i. 666. 



— protective isolation by water, ii. 234. 

 Limnobium molle, habitat, as mud-collector, 



i. 267. 

 Limosellaaquatica,sub-aqueousfertiUzation, 



ii. 391. 

 Linaria, aastivation, ii. 211. 



— and mode of entrance of insects, ii. 210. 



— axillary buds, ii. 29. 



— cleistogamy, ii, 393. 



— honey concealment, ii. 180. 



— insect platform, ii. 228. 



— results of various crossings, ii. 560. 



— sheltering of pollen, ii, 110, 



— storing of honey, ii. 172. 



— variability of floral colour, ii. 569. 

 Linaria alpina, flower, ii. ISO. 



Linaria cymbalaria, fading of flowers, i. 743. 



flowering and seeding, i. 53. 



Linaria genistifolia, ii. 560. 



Linaria littoralis and L. minor, behaviour to 

 own and foreign pollen, ii. 407. 



Linaria Macedonica, capsule in dry and wet 

 weather, ii. 448. 



Linaria pallida, radical buds, ii. 28. 



Linaria striata and Linaria vulgaris, estab- 

 lished hybrid of, ii. 591. 



Linaria stricta, established hybrid, ii. 591. 



Linaria vulgaris, and animals, 1. 432, 



;- buds on hypocotyl, ii. 28. 



radical buds, ii. 28. 



Lindley, ii. 663. 



Lindsaya, protection of sporangia, ii. 13. 



Ling. See Callwia vulgaris. 



Linnsea borealis, cross-fertilization in, ii. 301. 



flower, ii. 236. 



scent, ii. 201. 



sticky bracts, ii. 8W. 



Linnaeus and hermaphrodite flowers, ii. 300. 



— definition of a species, ii, 486. 



— floral clock, ii, 215, 



— on varieties, in Fhilosophia Botanica, ii. 



514. 



— (1707-1778), revolutionizes the study of 



botany, i. 5. 



— system of classification, i. 6; ii. 601. 

 Lirmean system and Goethe, ii. 287. 



classes 11, 12. 17, 21, ii. 293. 



classes 13, 14, 15, 16, 18, 20, ii. 292. 



1 first ten class, ii, 289. 



table of classes, ii. 288. 



Linum, heterostylism, ii. 399. 



— seed cement, i. 615. 



Linum catharticum, opening and closing, ii. 



220. 

 Linum grandiflorum, 'ndthering of corolla 



and pollination, ii. 286. 

 Linum perenne, opening of flower, ii. 212. 

 Linum tenuifolium, recurrent opening, ii. 



213. 



Linum usitatissimum, cluster-galls on, ii. 547, 



non-adaptability, i. 393. 



Linum vlscosum, duration of flowering, ii. 

 213. 



guides to honey, ii. 249. 



Liquidambar, pistillate flower, monoecia, ii. 

 293. 



— Btaminate flower, moncecia, ii. 293. 

 Liquorice. See Glycyrrhiza. 

 Liriodendron, fossil, i. 636. 



— protection of pollen, ii, 124. 

 Liriodendron tuUpifera, leaf -unfolding, 1, 



352. 



pollen-grains, ii. 99, 



protective stipules, i. 626. 



stipules, i. 351. 



Listera, insect-visitors, ii. 256. 



~ labellum, ii. 254. 



Listera ovata, allurement of insects, ii. 206. 



Lithium in plants, i. 68. 



Lithophytes, i. 267. 



— absorption of carbonic acid, i. 367. 



— dust-catchers, i. 82. 



— heat resistance, i. 554. 



— rapid water surrender, i. 555. 



— source of food salts, i. 79. 



— what include, i. 56. 



— whence obtain ammonia, i. 65. 



— whence obtain carbonic acid, i. 61. 

 Lithospermum, protogynous, ii. 311. 

 Lithospermum arvense, autogamy, ii. 332. 



protogynous, ii. 310. 



Lithospermum purpureo-coeruleum, stolons, 



i. 663. 

 LithothamnesB, lime deposition and resis- 

 tance, i. 425. 

 Lithothamnia, as marine lime-accumulators, 



i. 261. 

 Littorella lacustris, offshoots, ii. 456. 



resemblance to Isoetes lacustris, ii. 717. 



Liverworts. See Hepaticce. 



Livia Juncorum, galls on Juncus, ii. 547. 



Lizard Orchis. See Orchis hi/rcina. 



Loasacese, stinging hairs, i. 441. 



Lobelia Dortmanni, resemblance to Isoetes 



lacustris, ii. 717. 

 Lobelia splendens, scarlet flower, ii. 196. 

 LobeliaceEe, ii. 767. 



Lobularia niunmularia, autogamy, ii. 339. 

 Lobularia nummularisefolia, flowers and 



young fruits, ii. 184. 

 Locust-bean, fruit of Ceratonia Sihqua, ii. 



535. 

 Lodicule, of GraminesB, ii. 746, 

 Lodoicea Sechellarum, fruit, ii. 452, 740. 

 Loew, E., Biatenbiologische Floristik, ii. 



399. 

 Loganiaceee, ii. 771. 

 Loiseleuria, geographical distribution, i. 302. 



— rolled leaves, i. 302. 



Loiseleuria, See also Azalea procumbens. 

 Lonicera and Hawk-moths, ii. 207. 



— and insect visits, ii. 223. 



— cyme, i. 738. 



— nectaries, ii. 177, 178. 



— opening of flower, ii. 212. 



— poUen-grain, ii. 100, 



— twining stem, i. 681. 



— twisting of intemodes, i. 417. 

 Lonicera alpigena, flower-opening constant, 



i. 559. 



nectary, ii. 178. 



pollen deposition, ii. 278. 



Lonicera caprifolium, dextrorse twining, i. 



685. 



nocturnal perfume, ii. 208. 



opening of flower, ii. 211. 



scent, ii. 201. 



scent and Sphinx Convolvuli, ii. 208. 



twining, i. 689. 



Lonicera ciliosa, example of non-parasitic 



creeper, i. 160. 

 Lonicera ccerulea, cyme, i. 746. 



reserve-buds, ii. 32. 



Lonicei'a Etrusca, flower, ii. 227. 



nocturnal perfume, ii. 208. 



Lonicera fragrantissima, resei^ve-buds, ii. 32. 



