INDEX. 



967 



Phal^nopsis Sohilleriana, clinging roots, i. 



754. 



pollination, ii. 227. 



Phalaris aruudinacea, protection of stomata 

 from moisture, i. 294. 



weather-cook leaves, i. 427. 



Phallus, shrivelling through loss of water, i. 



216. 

 Phallus caninuB, sphere-crystals, i. 457. 

 Phallus impudicus, ii. 691. 



spore-disperaal, ii. 827. 



Phauerogamia, absence of fossil connecting 



links with lower groups, ii. 613. 



— alternation of generations, ii. 478. 



— analogies with Rhizocarpeaa and Sela- 



ginellesa in female reproductive organs, 

 ii. 69. 



— aquatic, mode of attachment, i. 77. 



— corrosive power of roots, experimental 



illustration, i. 258. 



— discussion of true nature of partheno- 



genesis, ii. 467. 



— embryo differentiation, ii. 450. 



— fertilized in the air, ii. 71. 



— general characters, ii. 717. 



— homologies of reproductive organs, ii. 717. 



— mechanical action of roots, i. 265. 



— number and grouping in Genera Plant- 



arum of B. and H., ii. 604. 



— pollen and water, ii. 106. 



— pollen-sac arrangement, ii. 89. 



— saprophytic, in meadows, i. 112. 



— sub-phylla, ii. 719. 

 Phanerogamic ovaries, ii. 77. 

 Phaseolus, leaf movements, i. 339. 

 Phaseolus vulgaris, nutation, i. 683. 

 Philadelphus, separation-layer, i. 361. 

 Phillyrea, pollination, ii. 138. 

 Philodendron, leaves cover air-roots, i. 225. 

 Philodendron bipinnatifidum stem, ii. 745. 

 Philodendron imbe, i. 365 ; ii. 744. 

 Philodendron Lindenii, root-hairs, 1. 224. 

 Philodendron pertusum, i. 365; ii. 744. 

 aerial roots, i. 366. 



Philosophia Botanica, of Linnseus, definition 



of varieties, ii. 514. 

 Phleum, pollination, ii. 142. 

 Phlomis, hairiness, 1. 317. 

 Phlox, honey protection, ii. 241. 



— protection of pollen from wet, ii. 111. 

 Phoenix dactyUfera, absorbent end of coty- 

 ledon, i. 600. 



germination, i. 607. 



mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 729. 



vitahty of spermatoplasm, ii. 96. 



Phosphorescence and light of Fungi, i. 503. 



— of sea, caused by Dinoflagellata, ii. 625. 

 Phosphoric acid, ferment action, i. 465. 

 Phosphorus, in ash of plants, i. 66. 



— necessary for nitrogen compounds, i. 67. 

 Phragmites communis, ash constituents, i. 



68. 



mechanical tissue arrangement, i. 731. 



spreading of, ii. 798. 



"Phrygaoa", of Theophrastus, i.e. semi- 

 shrubs, i. 444. 



Phrygian form, produced by animals, i. 445. 



Phycocyanin, pigment of Cyanophycese, Ii. 

 621. 



Phycoerythrin, i, 460, 



— fluorescence, i. 379, 390. 



— function, i. 390. 

 Phycomycetes, characters, ii. 668. 

 Phycophsein, pigment of PhseophyccEe, ii. 



661. 

 Phygelius, protogynous, ii. 311. 

 PhygeUus capensia, flower, ii. 181. 



flowers and autogamy, il. 384. 



Phyllanthus, phyllocladous plants, i. 334. 

 Phyllanthus cyclanthera, anthers, ii. 90. 

 Phyllanthus speciosus, i. 335. 

 Phyllobium dimorphum, life-history, ii. 638. 

 Pbylloclades, in Chenopodiacese, ii. 749. 



— leaf -branches, i. 333. 



— of Colletia, &c., i. 334. 

 Phyllode, nature of, i. 335. 



— of Acacia, i. 637. 



Phyllodes, distribution of stomata on, i, 281. 

 Phylloglossum, general structure, ii. 715. 

 Phyllosiphon arisari, life-cycle", ii. 643. 

 Phyllostachys bambusoides, protection of 



stomata from moisture, i. 294. 

 Phyllotaxis, and shape of leaves, i. 408. 



— determination of, i. 403. 



— of stamens, ii. 85, 



— plan of whorled, i. 397. 



— plans of spiral, i. 400. 



— various series, i. 404. 

 Phylooladia, luminosity, i. 388. 

 Phylogenetic tree, ii. 620. 

 Phylogeny, of plants, ii. 607, 

 Physalis, corolla and autogamy, ii. 366. 



— guides to honey, ii. 249. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



PhysaHs Alkekengi, calyx and fruit, ii. 434. 



red pigment, i. 461. 



Physcia ciliaris, apothecium, ii, 681. 

 Physcia parietina, Foliose Lichen, ii. 694. 

 Physianthus albens. See Aravjia alhens. 

 Physocytium, life-cycle, ii, 636. 

 Phyteuma, nectary concealment, ii, 181. 



— opening of flower, ii, 211. 



— storing of pollen on style, ii. 359. 

 Phyteuma orbiculare, autogamy, ii. 362. 

 bud-galls of Cecidomyia phyteumatis, 



ii. 544. 

 Phyteuma spicatum, autogamy, ii. 362. 

 Phytolaca decandra, seed and embryo, ii. 



422. 

 Phytophthora omnivora, on seedlings, ii. 



670. 

 Phytoptus and fasciations in Ash, ii. 549, 



— and formation of double flowers, ii. 459. 

 Pigment, chlorophyll-protecting, i. 392. 



— of Floridese, i. 388. 

 Pigments, fluorescing, i. 379. 



— from bacterial activity, i. 506. 



— of plants, i. 460, 



PilacracesB, distinctive features, ii. 687. 

 Pilea microphylla, ejection of pollen, ii. 137. 

 Pileus, of Agarics, ii. 491, 689, 



— of Hymenomycetes, ii. 688. 



PUobolus cristallinus, dispersal of spores, ii. 

 825. 



Pilostyles, distribution, i. 204. 



Pilostyles Haussknechtii, mycelium-like tis- 

 sue in host, i. 200. 



Pilxilaria, leaves and sporocarps, ii. 711. 



Pimpernel. See AnagalUs. 



Pimpinella magna, anthocyanin, i. 522. 



scent, ii. 202. 



Pimpinella saxifraga, periodically pendulous 

 umbels, i. 530. 



Pine. See Pinus. 



Pine-apple, See Ananassa saliva. 



Pine-cone, phyllotaxis, i. 402. 



Pinguicula, autogamy, ii. 356. 



— capturing apparatus, i. 137. 



— habitat, i. 140. 



— nectary, ii. 178, 



— number of species, &c., i. 140. 

 Pinguicula alpina, leaf section, i. 137. 

 Pinguicula vulgaris, capsule in dry and wet 



weather, ii. 448. 



— stamen, i. 91. 

 Pink. See Dianthus. 

 Pinus, ii. 721. 



— and resistance to cold, ii. 489. 



— and Witches' Broom, ii. 527. 



— branch, section, i. 22- 

 ~ cone protection, ii. 442. 



— egg-cells, ii. 419. 



— green cotyledons, i. 622. 



— monoecious, ii. 297. 



— mutilation by ruminants, ii. 515. 



— mycorhiza Fungus, ii. 678. 



— ovuliferous and bract scales, ii. 440. 



— protection of ovules, ii. 72. 



— specific value of leaf anatomy, ii. 565. 



— stomata on leaves, i. 280. 



— subdivision, ii. 725. 

 Pinus Cembra, ii. 727. 

 age, i. 732. 



cold resistance, i. 543. 



Pinus Cembra, dimensions, i. 722. 

 — pollen-grains in snow-dust, i, 38. 



protective resin of cones, ii. 446, 



- seed-coat, ii. 439, 

 Pinus excelsa, cold resistance, i. 543. 

 Pinus Halepensis and cold, i. 543. 

 Pimis humiliB, habit, habitat and snow, i, 

 548. 



Tyrol, i. 549. 



Pinus Finea, and cold, i. 543. 



seed-coat, ii. 439. 



Pinus Pumilio, female fiower, ii. 722. 



male and female cones, ii. 144. 



pollen-grains, ii. 98. 



pollen storing and dispersion, ii. 145. 



Pinus serotina, branch and cone, ii. 443. 

 Pinus Strobus and Peridermiura .Strobi, ii. 



527. 

 Pinus sylvestria, age, i. 722, 



and Coleosporium senecionis, ii. 686. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



ovule, structure, ii. 418. 



ovuliferous scale, ii. 441, 721. 



seed protection and dispersal, ii. 449. 



Piper, roofc-forratng leaves, i. 772. 



— roots from leaf-cuttings, i. 88, 

 Piperacese, cause of white spots on leaves, i. 



285. 



— collective fruits in, ii. 436. 

 Piper Betle, collective fruit, ii. 437. 

 Pisonia and galls of Pemphigus cornicularius, 



ii. 535. 

 Pisonia aculeata, sticky fruit, ii. 870. 

 Pistacia, pollination, ii. 138. 

 Pistacia Lentiscus and Witches' Broom, ii. 



527. 

 Pistese, characteristics, ii. 745. 

 Pistia, adaptation to change of habitat, i. 76. 

 Piston-apparatus, pollen distribution, ii. 260. 

 Pisum, fruit protection, ii. 446. 



— keel movements and pollen brush, ii. 252. 

 Pitcher of Frullania, ii. 698. 

 Pitcher-plants, digestion of prey, i. 124. 

 Pitchers, i. 127. 



— alluring, &c,, contrivances, i. 134. 

 Pitfalls, advantage of, i. 158. 



— structure, &c., in Genlisea, i. 124. 



— various shapes, i. 130, 

 Pith-galls, appearance, ii. 537. 



Pita, bordered, of tracheides and tracheae, i. 

 276. 



structure of, i, 45. 



Pitted vessel, i. 469. 

 Placenta of ovary, i. 644 ; ii. 81. 

 Plagiothecium nekeroideum, absorption- 

 cells, i. 85. 

 Plains, type of community, ii. 888, 892. 

 Plan of whorled phyllotaxis, i. 397. 

 Plane-tree. See Platanus. 

 Plant, adaptation, i. 567. 



— biennial, i, 658, 



functions of roots, i. 751. 



roots, i, 760, 



— cycle of development and climatology, i. 



564. 



— division of labour, i. 367. 



— fanciful comparisons of Nature-philoso- 



phers, i. 12. 



— monoecious, ii. 298- 



— spines and prickles, i. 433. 



— typical, Goethe's, i. 12. 

 Plantaginaceie, ii. 771. 

 Plantago, pollination, ii. 135. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 123. 



— seed-cement, i. 615. 

 Plantago cretica, dispersal, ii. 849. 

 Plantago major and animals, i. 432. 

 Plantago media, &c., leaves and rain conduc- 

 tion, i. 95. 



spikes and radiation, i. 530. 



Plantago recurvata, spikes and nocturnal 



radiation, i. 530. 

 Plantain. See Musa paradisiaca. 

 Plant-body, nature of, i. 590. 



simplest form, i. 591. 



Plant communities, ii. 885. 

 types of, il. 887. 



