QuerouB Cerris and Erineum qiiercinum, U 

 529. 



and gall of Ceoidomyia cerris, ii. 634,538. 



and spangle-galls of Neuroterus, ii. 541. 



staminal galls, ii. 540. 



QuercuspedunciUata, age, i. 720. 



— — dimenaions, i. 722. 

 fruiting branch, ii, 435. 



infloresnencea and flowers, ii. 298. 



normal and sucker leaves, ii. 515. 



numerous galls on, ii. 552. 



Quercuspendulina, bud-galls of Cy nips luoida, 



ii. 542. 

 Qiiercus pubesceiis, and gall of Cynips caput- 

 medussB, ii. 541, 



influence of Cynips polycera, ii. 550. 



Quercus aessiliflora, dimensions, i. 722. 



fruiting branch, ii. 435. 



galls on bract-scales, ii. 540. 



Quickset hedge, nature of, i. 673. 

 Quince. See Pynis cydonia. 

 Quinine, i. 462. 



R. 



"Race", meaning of, ii. 581. 



Raceme, i. 738. 



Rachis, application of term, i. 737. 



— developed into spine, i. 447. 

 Radiation and leaf -movements, i. 532. 

 Radicle, behaviour in Mistletoe, i. 206. 

 Radiolaria and Chlorella, symbiotic, ii. 637. 

 Radiolarise, symbiosis with plants, i. 254. 

 Radix palaris, i. 760. 



Raffia Ruffii, inflorescence, i. 745. 

 Rafflesia, colour and odour, ii. 197. 



— mycelium-like tissue in host, i. 200. 

 Rafflesia Arnoldii, flower, description of, &c., 



i. 203. 

 Rafflesia Padma, Java, size and description 



of flowers, i. 203. 

 Rafflesia Schadenbergiana, size of flowers, 



ii. 185. 

 Rafflesiacese, ii. 755. 



— anthocyanin, i. 483. 



— flower-stalk origin, i. 736. 



— nature of scents, ii. 199. 



— only European representative, i. 204. 



— parasitic on trunks and branches, i. 201. 

 Rafflesiae, disagreeable odour, i. 199. 



— geographical distribution, mc Je of growth, 



size of flowers, &c., i. 203. 

 Ragwort. See Senecio. 

 Rain, agent in dispersal of offshoots, ii. 809. 

 -^ and sensitive plants, i. 536. 



— carbon dioxide, sulphuric acid, and am- 



monia in, 1. 79. 



— carbonic and nitric acid in, i. 370. 



— dust collector, i. 80. 



Rain-water, contrivances for retention of, i. 



156. 



irrigation of, i. 97. 



various modifications of cauline leaves 



for conduction, i. 95. 

 Ramalina reticulata, Fruticose Lichen, ii.694. 

 Ramondia, dehiscence of poUen-sacs, ii. 92. 



— pollen sprinkling, ii. 274. 

 Ramondia pyrenaica, stamen, ii. 91. 

 Rampion. See Phyteuma. 

 Ranales, ii. 774. 



Ranunculace^e, autogamy in, ii. 345, 381 



— dichogamy in, ii. 311. 



— distribution of sexes, ii. 298. 



— hybrids among, ii. 584. 



— movements of stamens, ii. 250. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99. 



— protection of poUen, ii, 118. 



— protogyny in, ii. 310. 



— venation, i. 633. 



— "Water, leaf-rosettes, i. 412. 

 RauunculuB, aquatic, aSrial and submerged 



leaves, ii. 505. 

 pollen dispersion, ii. 105. 



— carpellary insect platform, ii. 229. 



— storage of pollen, ii. 94. 



Ranunculus acris, protection of pollen, ii. 120. 



INDEX. 



Ranunculus alpestris, distribution of sexes, 

 ii. 298. 



nectaries, ii. 178. 



Ranunculus aquatilis, heterophyllous, i. 668. 



lirae-incrusting, i. 260. 



Ranunculus baldensis, distribution of sexes, 

 ii. 298. 



Ranimculus Baudotii, heterophyllous, i. 668. 



Ranunculus bulbosus, downward pull of 

 roots, i. 767. 



Ranunculus Ficaria, bud-like offshoots, ii. 

 459. 



colour of flowers, ii. 183. 



plant and tuber-like offshoots, ii. 460. 



tubers, i. 651. 



tubers dispersed by floods, ii. 810. 



Ranunculus fiuitans, length, i. 388. 



Ranunculus glacialis, distribution of sexes, 

 ii. 298. 



flower, ii. 174. 



nectaries, ii. 178. 



nectary concealment, ii. 181. 



Ranunculus hololeucus, heterophyllous, i. 668. 



Ranunculus Neapolitanus, roots, i. 760. 



Ranunculus pedatus, PI. VI. 



Eaphanus, poUen-grain, ii. 100. 



Raphanus sativus, cotyledons, i. 621, 



Raphe, of ovule, ii. 81. 



Raphia tadigera, Brazil, size of leaves, i, 287. 



Raphides, i. 457. 



Raphidophora decursiva, ii. 743. 



climbing habit, ii. 745. 



Rariorum Plantarum Historia, by dusius, 

 u. 601. 



Raspberry. See Rubits Id(EUs. 



Ravenala, sheltering of pollen, ii. 108. 



Ravenala Madagascariensis, ii. 735. 



Rays, medullary, i. 468. 



Rays of spectrum, absorption, transforma- 

 tion, i. 379. 



Reaumuria, salt on leaves and stem, i. 236. 



Recapitulation-theory, ii. 60S. 



Receptacle, floral, i. 746. 



— honey secretion, i, 747. 



— in fruit-formation, ii. 435. 



— persistent, ii. 434. 



Red Currant. See Ribes rubrum. 



Red-rot, i. 264. 



Red Sea, reddened by Trichodesmium, i. 389. 



Red Sea-weeds. See Florideee. 



Red Snow, ii. 627. 



Red-wood. See Sequoia sempei-virens. 



Reed. See Phragmites cammunis. 



Reed-like Grasses, wax on leaves, i. 292. 



Reed-mace. See Typha latifoUa. 



Reeds, contrivances for irrigation, i. 99. 



— type of community, ii. 888, 893. 

 Rehmannia, pollen deposition, ii. 280. 

 Reindeer-moss. See Cladonia rangiferma. 

 Rejuvenescence, of plants, i. 534. 

 Renovation without fertilization, ii. 45. 

 Replum, of siliqiia, ii. 432. 

 Reproduction, kinds of, ii. 6. 



— of Chara fragilis, ii. 660. 



— very simple type in Chlamydomonas, ii. 



630. 

 Keproductiveorgans, homologies in Phanero- 

 gams and Vascular Cryptogams, ii. 478. 



protection from loss of heat, i. 529. 



Reseda, ovary, ii. 73- 



Reseda odorata, artificial tree production, ii. 

 453. 



scent, ii. 200, 209. 



ResedacesB, ovary open, ii. 775. 

 Reserve-buds, characteristics, ii. 34. 



distribution, ii. 31. 



Reserve materials, i. 459. 



and enzymes, i. 464. 



Reserve-tissue, food-stores, i. 598. 



of seeds, i. 599; ii. 422. 



Reservoirs, water, in leaves, i. 156. 

 Residual substances in autumn leaves, i. 485. 

 Resilient fruit-stalks and dispersal, ii. 840. 

 Resin and preservation of fossil plants, ii. 



612. 



— and protection of fruits, ii. 446. 

 Respiration and germination, i. 494. 



971 



Respiration, chemistry of, i. 497. 



— heat development, i. 497. 



— in absence of oxygen, i. 504. 



— in dormant organs, i. 494. 



— in Mushrooms, i. 498. 



— measure of energy, i. 494. 



— modus operandi, i. 495. 



— of plants, impelling force, i. 492. 

 Respiratory cavity of stoma, i. 280. 



— heat and germination of seeds, i. 560. 

 Retama, explosive flowers, ii. 267. 



— protection of stomata from moisture, i. 



298. 



— protective coat of wax, i. 292. 

 Retention of deposited pollen, ii. 279. 

 Rettenstein, slate mountaios and character- 

 istic vegetation, ii. 495. 



Revolver-flowered Gentians, ii. 387. 



Revolver-flowers, ii. 249. 



RhacomitrisB, special absorptive cells of, i, 



218. 

 RhamnuB, drupe, ii. 428. 



— hybrids in, ii. 584. 



— phyllotaxis, i. 399. 



Rhamnus cathartica, distribution of sexes, ii. 

 299. 



pollen-grains, ii. 97. 



scroll-galls of Trioza Rhamni, ii. 531. 



Rhamnus hybrida, behaviour of foliage, ii. 



574. 

 Rhamnus pumila, lattice-forming stem, i. 



678. 

 Rhamnus saxatilis, distribution of sexes, ii. 



299. 



spines, i. 443. 



Rhamnus tinctoria, distribution of sexes, ii. 



299. 

 Rhamnus Wulfenii, venation, i. 630. 

 Rheum, i. 94. 



— and Field-mice, i. 763. 



— anthocyanin, i, 484. 



— geitonogamy, ii. 328. 



— scale-leaves and earthing up, i. 625. 

 Rhinanthacese, geitonogamy, ii. 331. 



— hybrids among, ii. 585. 



— many parasitic, i. 176. 



— nectaries, ii. 174. 



— pollination, ii. 129. 



— relationships to Lathrsea, i. 181. 



— uniformity of venation, i. 635. 

 Rhinanthus, nectary, ii. 174. 



— pollen sprinkling, ii. 272. 



— protection of pollen from wet, ii. 110. 



— venation, i. 631. 



Rhinanthus angustifolius, flower, ii. 273. 



pollen-sprinkling apparatus, ii. 273. 



Rhipidopteris, distribution of sporangia, ii. 



706. 

 Rhipidopteris peltata, Mexico, two kinds of 



fronds, ii. 12. 

 Rhipsalis, on trees, i. 106. 

 Rhizidiomyces, life-cycle, ii. 671. 

 Rhizobium, flxation of free nitrogen, ii. 624. 

 Rhizobotrya alpina, autogamy, ii. 335. 

 Rhizocarps, description, ii. 709. 

 Rhizoids, absorption-cells of Mosses, &c., i. 



86. 



— mechanical changes due to, i. 265. 



— of Grimmia apocarpa, disintegrating 



power, i. 258. 



— of Mosses, water absorbents, i. 219. 

 Rhizoma, application of term, i. 624. 

 Rhizome, nature of, i. 652. 

 Rhizomes, dimensions of, ii. 797. 

 Rhizomorphs, of Agaricus melleus, ii. 689 

 Rhizophora, columnar roots, i. 759. 



— compared to viviparous animal, ii. 450. 



— elevation by roots, i. 771. 



— germination, &c., i. 602. 



— habitat, i, 602. 



— no root-cap in marsh-inhabiting, i. 164. 



— roots, i. 756. 



Rhizophora conjugata, embryogeny, &o., i. 



602. 

 flower, fruit, seed and germination, 1. 



603. 

 stilt-roots, stnicture, i. 761. 



