INDEX. 



975 



Seeds, cold resistaace, i. 544, 



— defenaive arrangements, ii. 442. 



— dimensions of, ii. 839. 



— dispersal by birds, ii. 444. 



— germinating, i. 607. 

 force of, i. 516. 



temperatures, i. 557 ; ii, 488. 



— heat resistance, i. 555. 



— lightness of, ii, 851. 



— number produced, ii. 878. 



— of Coniferse, ii. 442, 443. 

 dispersal, ii. 439. 



— of Orchids, structure, &c., i. 377. 



— of parasites, germination, i. 171. 



— propagation of hybrids by, ii. 556. 



— protection against wet, ii. 448. 



— resting of, i. 563. 



— rugged, fixation, i. 616. 



— size and weight, ii. 451. 



— vitality of, i. 51. 



— with reserve-tissue, ii, 422. 

 Selaginella, characteristics, ii. 477. 



— chlorophyll-granules, i. 373, 



— general structure, ii. 715. 



— sexual reproductive organs, ii, 69, 

 Selaginella Helvetica, inequality of leaves, 



i. 422. 



leaf-mosaic, i. 421. 



Selaginella selaginoides, British, ii. 715. 

 SelaginellacesB, description, ii. 715. 

 Selection, natural, theory of, ii. 600. 

 Self-fertilization and dichogamy, ii, 314. 



of flowers, ii, 291, 



Self-pollination, occurrence, ii. 331. 

 Semi-shrubs, spines of, i. 444. 

 Sempervivum, and animals, i. 432. 



— leaf -rosettes, i. 410. 



— stolons, i. 663, 



Sempervivum hirtum, attacked by Eudo- 

 phyllum Sempervivi, ii. 523. 



Sempervivum montanum, autogamy, ii. 344, 



cold resistance, i. 543. 



prey capturing, i. 155. 



sticky foliage, ii. 236, 



Sempervivum soboliferum, vegetative propa- 

 gation, ii. 821. 



Sempervivum tectorum, stomata, i. 280. 



Sempervivum Wulf enii, cold resistance, i. 543, 



Senecio erucsefolius, cotyledons, i, 621. 



Senecio nemorensis and S. nebrodensis, 

 anthocyanin, i. 520. 



Senecio viscosus, florets and autogamy, ii. 363. 



Senecio vulgaris, efiEect of dry soil, ii. 500. 



light and growth, ii. 508. 



pericarp mucilage, i. 615. 



seed-dispersal, ii. 857. 



Sensation, in plants, i. 53. 



Sensitive plants, i. 535. 



— and nocturnal radiation, i. 530. 



— change of colour and function, i. 376. 

 Separation-layer, formation, i. 359. 

 Sequoia gigantea, ii. 725. 



dimensions, i. 722. 



Serjania, extra-axillary buds, ii. 28. 



Serjania gramatophora, branch -tendrils, i. 

 693, 694. 



Serratula lycopifolia, protection by Ants from 

 Beetle, ii. 242. 



Sesleria, leaf-folding, i. 340. 



Sesleria coerulea, ring formation, ii. 792. 



Sesleria tenuif olia, leaf, section, i. 341. 



Setaria Italica, pollination, ii. 142. 



Setaria verticillata, hooked fruit, ii. 871. 



Sexual and asexual generations, mutual re- 

 lations, ii. 474. 



Sexual System of classification, ii. 601. 



Seychelles Palm, See Lodoicea Sechella/rum. 



Shade, effect on growth of plants, ii. 506. 



Shepherd's Purse. See Capsella Bm-sa- 

 pastoris. 



Shoot, acropetal development, i. 396. 



— morphological value, i. 333, 

 Shoot-apices of Eotangs, i. 676. 

 Shoots, asexual, dissimilarity, ii, 471. 



— epiphyllous, ii. 37. 



— reserve, leaf characteristics, ii. 516. 



— spinose, i. 443. 



Shoots, underground, important function, i. 



653. 

 Shore Pine. See Pinm Ralepemia. 

 Shrubs, foliage-leaves and rain, i. 93. 

 Sibbaldia, dehiscence of pollen-sacs, ii. 92. 



— honey, ii. 173. 



Sibbaldia procumbens, habit, i. 662. 



stamen, ii. 91. 



Siberian Crab. See PyTua salicifolia. 

 Sideritia Romana, colour-contrast in flower, 



ii. 191. 

 Sideritia scordioides, pollen-grains, ii. 99. 

 Sieve-plates, i. 469. 

 Sieve-tube, i. 469. 



of Macrocysfcia, ii. 663. 



of Nereocystis, ii. 663. 



Sigillariacese, characteristics, ii, 716. 



Signatures, doctrine of, i. 2. 



Silene and Lychnis, poUen-grains, ii. 99. 



— pollination experiments, ii. 404. 



SQene acaulia, distribution of sexes, ii. 300. 



vertical range, ii. 750. 



Silene conica, autogamy, ii. 336. 

 Silene Elizabethse, and humble-bees, ii. 239. 

 Silene longiflora, and night visitors, ii. 196. 

 Silene noctiflora, behaviour to own and 

 foreign pollen, ii. 407. 



opening of flower, ii. 212. 



weather and autogamy, ii. 391, 



Silene nutans, and night visitors, ii, 196. 



capsules in dry and wet weather, ii. 448. 



closed flowers, ii. 154. 



distribution of sexes, ii. 300. 



double protection of honey, ii. 242. 



open flowers, ii. 155. 



pollination, ii, 154, 



scent, ii. 201. 



seed protection and dispersal, ii. 447. 



Silene Saxifraga, and night visitors, ii. 196, 



cross-fertilization, ii. 307. 



opening of flower, ii. 212. 



Silene Vallesia, opening of flower, ii. 212. 

 Silene vespertina, opening of flower, ii. 212. ' 

 Silene viscosa, carnivorous in minor degree, 



i. 156. 

 Siler, geitonogamy, ii. 324. 

 Silica, in cell-wall of Diatoms, ii. 625. 



— in Equisetum, ii. 712. 



— in hairs of Rochea, i. 325. 



Siliceous marl, composed of Diatoms, ii. 627. 



Silicic acid, in Diatom frustules though no 



trace in aqueous habitat, i. 70. 



accumulation through plants, i. 261. 



occurrence in plants, i. 67. 



Silicification, and animals, i. 432. 



— and preservation of fossil plants, ii. 612. 



— of hairs, i. 441. 



SUicon, in ash of plant, i. 66. 



Siliqua, morphology, ii. 432. 



Silk-worms, attacked by a Cordyceps, i. 168. 



Silky bans, i. 320. 



Silphium laciniatum, a "compass plant", i. 

 337. 



Silphium perfoliatum, mechanical tissue 

 arrangement, i. 731, 



•- water-receptacles, i. 239 ; ii. 234. 



Silver Fir. See Abies pectinata. 



Silver Tree. See Leucadend/ron a/rgentevm. 



Silybum Marianum, method of water-con- 

 duction, i. 98. 



Sinapis, pollen-grain, ii. 100. 



Sinapis arvensis, autogamy, ii. 348. 



duration of flowering, ii. 213. 



Sinkers, of Mistletoe, i. 209. 



Siphonacese, fertilization and fruit-forma- 

 tion, ii. 53. 



Siphonese, description, ii. 641. 



— differentiation of thallus, ii. 620. 

 Sisymbrium Thalianum, protection of pollen, 



ii. 121. 

 Sisyrinchium, nectary, ii. 176, t- 

 Sisyrinchium anceps, colour-contrast in 

 flower, ii. 190. 



weather and autogamy, ii. 391. 



Skatol, nature of, ii. 199. 

 Skin-diseases, due to Fungi, i. 168. 

 Skull-cap. See Scutellaria. 



Slate-rocks, humus on, ii. 499. 



Sleep, of plants, i. 534. 



Slime-fungi. See Myxomycetea. 



Sling.fruits, ii. 833. 



Slips, impossibility of propagating certain 



plants by, i. 250. 

 Sloe. See Pnmus spmoaa. 

 Slugs, protection against, ii. 238. 

 Smell, sense of, ii. 204. 



and poisonous plants, i. 432. 



SmilacincEe, phylloclades, i. 649. 



— pollen-grains, ii. 99. 

 SmUacoideae, characteristic, ii. 732. 

 Smilax aspera, atipular tendrils, i. 690. 

 Smithia sensitiva, and rain, i. 537. 

 Smymium, coloured bracts, ii. 183. 



Snaila, as lime-accumulators in top layers of 

 son, i. 259. 



— elevation and coloration, ii. 511. 



— protection against, ii. 237. 

 Snake-root. See Calla palustris. 

 Snow, as preservative agency, i. 262. 



— dust-coUeotor, i. 80. 



— effect on foliage, i. 358. 



— melting by developing flower-buds, i. 498. 



— protection of plants, i. 548. 

 Snowdrop. See Galanthus nivalis. 

 Snow-fall and elevation, i. 523. 

 Snow pressure and growth, i, 523. 

 Sodium, in ash of plants, i. 66. 



— in marine plants, i. 68, 



— phosphate, as food-salt, i. 67. 



— salts of, accumulation through plants, i 



261. 

 Soil and specific differences, experiments, ii. 

 496. 



— changes, in, due to nutrition of plants, 



i. 257 et seq. 



— clay, conditions of growth on, ii. 500. 



— effect on flowering, i. 9. 



— factors determining nutrition, i. 102. 



— on trees, i. 106. 



— retention of water, ii, 499. 



— sandy, conditions of growth on, ii. 500. 



— temperature in Alps, i. 525. 

 Solanacefe, ii. 771. 



~ aestivation in, ii. 210. 



— autogamy in, ii. 366. 



— diversity of pollen protection, ii. 128. 



— extra-axillary buds, ii. 28. 



— nectary concealment, ii. 181. 

 Solanum Dulcamara, berry, ii. 427. 



colour-contrast of flowers, ii. 189. 



twining, i. 689. 



Solanum Lycopersicum, anther, ii. 90. 



movements of cotyledons, i. 532. 



stamen, ii. 91. 



Solauiun sisymbrifolium, fruit protection, 



ii. 445. 

 Solanum sodomseum, fruit protection, ii. 445. 

 Solanum tuberosum, autogamy, ii. 371. 



colour-contrast of flower, ii. 189. 



crystalloids and starch grains, i. 457. 



diminished fruit formation, ii. 459. 



protection of pollen, ii. 120, 128. 



tuber, i. 651. 



young fruit, ii. 73. 



Soldanella, autogamy, ii. 333. 



— honey concealment, ii. 180. 



— hybrids, ii. 585. 



— melting of snow by, i. 498. 



— pollen-sprinkling apparatus, ii. 275. 



— protection of pollen, ii. 118. 



— sub-glacial blossoming, i. 499. 

 SoldaneUa alpina, flower, ii. 180, 275, 



corolla and autogamy, ii. 368. 



pollen-sprinkling apparatus, ii. 275. 



stamen, ii. 87- 



SoldaneUa montana, anthocyanin, i. 520. 

 Solfatara, Naples, and Algse, i. 554. 

 SonchuB arvensis, latitude and closing, iL 

 218. 



protection of pollen, ii. 127. 



Sonchus servicomus, spinosity, i. 444. 

 Sophora alopecuroides, leaf, diurnal posi- 

 tions, i. 534. 

 Sorbus, deciduous protective hairs, i, 354, 



