EXTINCT RELATIVES OF ELEPHANTS 143 



and the typical dentition of the early mammalian ancestor. 

 Mastodons of several species are found in Pliocene strata 

 in Europe and Asia ; detached teeth are found in Suffolk. 

 One species actually survived (why, we do not know) 

 in North America into the early human period, and whole 

 skeletons of it are dug out from morasses such as that of 



Figs. 17. — a. skull, and b. restored outline of the head of the long, 

 jawed extinct elephant called Tetrabelodon — the name referring to 

 its four large tusks — two above and two below. 



" Big-bone Lick." The Mastodons had a longer jaw and 

 face than the elephants, though closely allied to them* 

 They bring one nearer to ordinary mammals in that fact, 

 and also in having (when young) two front teeth or 

 incisors in the lower jaw. Their grinders had the crowns 

 less elongated than those of elephants, and there were 



