16 
The upper and lower jaws of the horse 
are each furnished with front or cutting-teeth 
which meet like a vice, evenly and close 
from corner to corner, and the animal is thus 
enabled to take so sharp a hold on the 
herbage that he tears and bruises every stem 
that comes between his teeth. He also bites 
close to the ground, thereby bruising and 
injuring the crown of the plant 
The ox—from its fifth year, when it is 
said to be ‘full mouthed”—has eight cutting 
teeth in the front of the lower jaw and none 
in the front of the upper jaw to’ correspond ; 
the cutting-teeth in the lower jaw of the 
bullock work against a fibrous and elastic 
pad which fulfils the office of teeth in the 
forepart of the upper jaw 
In the case of the ox, the grass is collected 
and rolled together with the long flexible 
tongue, held firmly between the cutting- 
teeth and this pad aided by the upper lip, 
and torn, not bitten off 
It is evident, therefore, that the stems are 
less bruised by the mouth of the bullock than 
by the teeth of the horse 
The grasses destroyed by the horse take 
from three to five years to come again, and 
this is particularly noticeable with the white 
