72 THE PEARS OF NEW YORK 
PYRUS COMMUNIS SATIVA De Candolle 
1. De Candolle Prod. 2:634. 1825. 
This name is applied to the cultivated pear in its many pomological forms. The 
trees are usually larger than those of the wild pears and are without thorns. They differ 
also in having larger leaves, and larger and better-flavored fruits. 
PYRUS COMMUNIS CORDATA Hooker 
1. Hooker, J.D. Stud. Flora 131. 1878. 
2. P.cordata Desvaux Obs. Pl. Anjou 152. 1818. 
This botanical variety is a spiny shrub or shrub-like tree. The leaves are smaller 
than those of the species, 1 in. in width, suborbicular to ovate, subcordate at the base. 
Flowers smaller. Fruit globose or slightly turbinate, very small, } in. in diameter; 
calyx persistent. The species is a native of western France and is found in Devon and 
Cornwall, England. This species is said to propagate itself freely from root-suckers which 
suggests that it might be tried as a dwarfing stock for the common pears. 
PYRUS COMMUNIS LONGIPES Henry 
1. Henry Trees Gt. Brit. & Ire. 6:1561. 1912. 
2. P. longipes Cosson and Durien Bull. Soc. Bot. France. 22310. 1855. 
The tree is small with a few spines. The leaves are about 2 in. long and 1 in 
wide, ovate, acuminate, subcordate, glabrous, finely and crenately serrate, on long 
slender petioles. This variety differs little from var. cordata in its fruit except in the decid- 
uous calyx. It is found along the mountain streams of Algeria. 
PYRUS COMMUNIS MARIANA Willkomm 
1. Linwaea 25:25. 1852. 
2. JP. bourgaeana Decaisne Jar. Fruit.i.t. 2. 1871. 
This is a small tree found in the Sierra Morena in Spain. The leaves are ovate, 
1 in. in length, rounded at the base, on very long, slender petioles. The pear is very smal 
with a persistent calyx. 
2. PYRUS NIVALIS Jacquin 
1. Fl. Austr, 2: 4,t. 107. 1774. 
Tree small, stout, without thorns; young shoots thickly covered with white wool. 
Leaves oval or obovate, 2 to 3 in. long, } to 1} in. wide, crenate at the base, entire, upper 
and lower surfaces covered with white wool when young, nearly glaucous and the upper 
surface shining when mature. Flowers white, 14 in. across, clustered. Fruit roundish, 
yellowish-green, borne on a stalk as long or longer than the fruit, acid or becoming sweetish 
at full maturity. 
This pear is a native of eastern Europe and Asia Minor and is often 
found in France as an escape from the orchard. The tree, which sometimes 
attains a height of fifty feet, is said to be a handsome ornamental. The 
