THE PEARS OF NEW YORK I2I 
inch long, bores into twigs or small branches and sooner or later causes 
their death. None of these borers are very harmful on the pear in New 
York, but all must be reckoned with occasionally. All are difficult to 
control. 
The pear thrips attack the newly opening flower- and leaf-buds and 
when the insect, a small winged creature with sucking mouth-parts, is 
abundant much damage is done. This pest in New York is chiefly confined 
to the Hudson River Valley. The European grain aphis, closely related 
to the destructive apple aphis, is sometimes a serious pest on pears. Both 
of these pests are comparatively easily controlled by timely applications 
of contact insecticides. 
Lastly, there are several chewing insects which feed on the leaves of 
the pear, which, unless checked, sometimes become major pests for a season 
or two in an orchard here and there. All of them, fortunately, are controlled 
by the arsenical poisons which are necessary to keep the codling moth down. 
The pests are: Cigar case-bearer, green fruit worm, pistol case-bearer, and 
oblique-banded leaf-roller. With these, as with most of the other pests 
of the pear, cultivation to keep down all foreign vegetation, and orchard 
sanitation, consisting chiefly of the destruction of infested fruit, foliage, or 
wood, are essential preventives. 
