126 THE PEARS OF NEW YORK 
Fondante d'Automne. 6. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 387, fig. 168. 1845. 7. Hogg Fruit Man. 578. 1884. 
Seigneur. 8. Ann. Pom. Belge'7:5, Pl. 1859. 9. Pom. France 1: No. 28, Pl. 28. 1863. 10. Mas 
Le Verger 3: Pt. 1, 21, fig.9. 1866-73. 
Bergamote Lucrative. 11. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:247, figs. 1867. 
Seigneur d'Espéren. 12. Guide Prat. 59, 303. 1876. 
Esperen's Herrenbirne. 13. Mathieu Nom. Pom. 212. 1889. 14. Gaucher Pom. Prak. Obst. No. 
37, Pl. 85. 1894. 
Lucrative. 15. Am. Pom. Soc. Cat. 36. 1889. 
This good old pear has been a standard autumn sort for nearly a century. 
The internal characters of both flesh and flavor are nearly perfect, but 
externally much more might be desired as to shape and size. In flesh and 
flavor, the fruits are of the Bergamot type — fine-grained, buttery, juicy, and 
sugary, with a musky taste and perfume. The fruits are not as large as is 
desirable, and are variable in shape and color, external defects which a 
rather handsome color offsets in part. The trees are more satisfactory 
than the fruits. They bear enormously and almost annually on either 
standard or dwarfing stocks; they are very vigorous, with a somewhat 
distinct upright-spreading habit of growth; are hardier than the average 
variety of this fruit; and are rather more resistant to blight than the average 
variety. The fruits are too small for a good commercial product, but their 
delectable flavor and luscious flesh make them as desirable as any other 
pear for home use; besides which the trees grow so well, and are so easily 
managed that the variety becomes one of the very best for the home planter. 
Belle Lucrative is of Flemish origin. In 1831 it was growing in the 
London Horticultural Society’s gardens at Chiswick, and was then described 
by Lindley as “another of the new Flemish pears.” It had been taken 
to England by a Mr. Braddick who received the cions from M. Stoffels of 
Mechlin. By some writers it is considered probable that it originated with 
M. Stoffels, but the leading Belgian and French writers say that it was raised 
by Major Espéren, also of Mechlin, about 1827. In this country it first 
fruited in the Pomological Garden of Robert Manning, Salem, Massachu- 
setts, in 1835 or 1836. The American Pomological Society added the variety 
to its fruit catalog-list in 1852 under the name Belle Lucrative. 
Tree medium in size, vigorous, upright-spreading, dense-topped, rapid-growing, 
hardy, productive; branches smooth, grayish-brown mingled with red, covered with scarf- 
skin, with numerous elongated lenticels; branchlets slender, short, light brown, glossy, 
smooth, glabrous, with few small, inconspicuous lenticels. 
Leaf-buds small, short, conical, pointed, plump, appressed. Leaves 3 in. long, 1} in. 
wide, stiff; apex abruptly pointed; margin finely serrate, tipped with very small, sharp 
glands; petiole 2 in. long. Flower-buds conical, pointed, plump, free, singly on very short 
