256 THE PEARS OF NEW YORK 
often more swelled on one side than on the other, bronze, with some greenish dots and 
patches, the skin rough to the touch; flesh whitish, semi-fine, semi-melting, gritty around 
the core; juice very abundant, sugary, vinous, sometimes astringent and sometimes also 
delicate and perfumed; second only on account of its variability, for in the same season 
it may produce some exquisite fruit, some only good and some only medium in quality. 
Autocrat. 1. Jour. Hort. 3rd Ser. 3:260. 1881. 
Described in the Journal of Horticulture, London, as a new and very large pear 
ripening at the end of October. It was a seedling from Beurré Capiaumont and is very 
hardy, robust and free, and quite distinct in growth and fruit. 
Autumn Bergamot (English). 1. Pom. Mag. 3:120, Pl. 1830. 2. Lindley Guide Orch. 
Gard. 352. 1831. 
The English Autumn Bergamot or Common Bergamot is a distinct variety and not 
synonymous with the Bergamotte d’Automne of France. Writing in the early part of 
the eighteenth century; Switzer stated, and his statement was endorsed by Lindley in 
1831, that the Autumn Bergamot was introduced into England in the days of Julius Caesar, 
that it was possibly the Assyrian Pear of Virgil, and was in that case to have been found 
in the ‘“ once celebrated and famous gardens of Alcinéus.” This is a doubtful conjecture, 
though without doubt the variety is of very ancient origin. Fruit small, globular-obtuse, 
yellowish-green, dull brown where exposed to the sun and profusely speckled with gray 
russet; flesh greenish-white, tender, melting, somewhat gritty at the core, juicy, and of 
a rich flavor; a dessert pear of first quality; Oct. Tree vigorous, prolific, forms a 
handsome standard and succeeds on either quince or pear. 
Autumn Colmar. 1. Lindley Guide Orch. Gard. 363. 1831. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 487. 
1884. 
De Bavay. 3. Mas Le Verger 3: Pt. 1, 175, fig. 86. 1866-73. 4. Leroy Dict. Pom. 
1:184, fig. 1867. 
This seedling of Van Mons was described in 1830 in the London Horticultural Society’s 
Garden as a new Flemish pear. It was received there from Van Mons without a name 
and so became known in the collection as Autumn Colmar from a fancied resemblance 
of its flavor to that of the old Colmar. Fruit large, obtuse-pyriform, rounded at the 
base, lemon-yellow, strewed with dots and patches of russet; flesh coarse, sweet, juicy, 
astringent, rather gritty at the core; second; Sept. and Oct. 
Autumn Joséphine. 1. Jour. Hort. N. S. 20:29, fig. 1871. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 488. 
1884. 
Obtained from seed of Joséphine de Malines by W. E. Essington, Ribbesford House, 
Bewdley, Eng. It first produced fruit in 1869. Fruit large, obovate-obtuse-pyriform; 
somewhat flattened at the crown, greenish-yellow when quite ripe, russeted in patches, 
flesh yellowish, with pale salmon tinge like that of Joséphine de Malines, tender, fine- 
grained, very juicy, juice rich, sugary, aromatic; first, though a little uncertain; Oct. 
Autumn Nelis. 1. Gard. Chron. 124. 1864. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 664. 1869. 
3. Hogg Fruit Man. 488. 1884. 
Graham Autumn Nelis. 4. Jour. Hort. N.S. §:331. 1863. 
Raised from seed by F. J. Graham, Cranford, Eng., about 1852 and exhibited before 
