310 THE PEARS OF NEW YORK 
Black Hawk. 1. Mag. Hort. 1:437. 1845. 
Exhibited before and reported on at various times by the Massachusetts and New 
Haven Horticultural Societies as a baking variety. Probably a seedling of Governor 
Edwards. 
Black Huffcap. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 531. 1884. 
A well-known perry pear cultivated in Herefordshire and Worcestershire, Eng. Fruit 
quite small, pyriform or oblong-ovate, olive-green on the shaded side and covered with 
dull rusty red on the sun-exposed side; flesh yellowish-green, firm and very gritty. 
Black Sorrel. 1. Parkinson Par. Ter. 593. 1629. 
a reasonable great long peare, of a darke red 
“cs 
Described by Parkinson in 1629 as 
colour on the outside.” 
Black Worcester. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 429. 1845. 2. Ibid. 702. 1869. 3. Hogg 
Fruit Man. 531. 1884. 4. Bunyard Handb. Hardy Fruits 160. 1920. 
Worster. 5. Parkinson Par. Ter. 592. 1629. 
Black Pear of Worcester. 6. Langley Pomona 133, Pl. LXXI, fig. 2. 1729. 
Livre. 7. Duhamel Tratt. Arb. Fr. 2:235. 1768. 8. Leroy Dict. Pom. 22346. 1869. 
Iron Pear. 9. Cole Am. Fr. Book 174. 1849. 
The Romans cultivated a Pound Pear during the first century of the Christian era. 
In 1652 Claude Mollet describes a Pound Pear. Several subsequent writers describe the 
same pear as Livre, De Livre, or Poire de Livre. In Worcester, Eng., in the sixteenth 
century a pear known as Black Worcester, Black Pear of Worcester, or Parkinson’s Warden 
came under general cultivation as a ‘‘ Warden” or baking pear of which it forms the type. 
These two pears appear to be identical. Mas makes Black Worcester a synonym of 
De Livre, Hogg states that they very much resemble each other, the authors of Guide 
Pratique de l! Amateur de Fruits list them as synonymous, and Bunyard says that he 
believes that they are almost certainly identical. Black Worcester is retained as the 
name of the variety because it is now most commonly used. Tree vigorous, hardy, bears 
well as a standard; young shoots dark yellow-olive, diverging; branches inclining down- 
ward with the weight of the fruit. Fruit large, obovate; skin thick, green, rough, nearly 
covered with dark russet, occasionally with a dull tinge next the sun; calyx small, nearly 
closed, set in a wide and rather deep basin; stem about an inch long, very stout, woody, 
inserted without depression; flesh pale yellow, hard, crisp, coarse, flavorless, rather gritty; 
a good cooking pear; Nov. to Feb. 
Blackeney Red. 1. Hogg Fruit Man. 531. 1884. 
A second-rate perry pear much used in Herefordshire, Eng. Fruit medium, obovate, 
greenish-yellow, more or less deep red on the side next the sun; flesh firm, crisp, juicy and 
mildly acid. 
Blanquet Anastére. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:443, fig. 1867. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 
703. 1869. 
Raised by M. Goubault, a nurseryman at Angers, Fr., in 1840. Fruit small, pyriform 
but rather variable, form oblong to turbinate-ovoid, but always rather more swelled on 
one side than on the other; color pale green in the shade, dotted with gray but passing to 
greenish-yellow on the sun-exposed side which is also generally colored with vermilion; 
