330 THE PEARS OF NEW YORK 
Castelline. 1. Pom. France 4:151, Pl. 151. 1867. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:532, fig. 1867. 
3. Guide Prat. 49. 1895. 
A Belgian variety obtained in 1835 by Florimond Castelain near Tournai, Bel. Fruit 
medium, turbinate-pyriform, yellowish-green, much covered with russet and speckled with 
fawn-russet, colored with dull red on the side of the sun; flesh yellowish, semi-fine, melting; 
juice sugary, acidulous and agreeably perfumed; first; Nov. 
Catherine Gardette. 1. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 715. 1869. 2. Thomas Am. Fruit Cult. 
697. 1897. 
From W. D.. Brincklé, Philadelphia, in 1857. Fruit medium, globular-obovate, 
yellow, freely dotted with red spots on the sun-exposed side; flesh yellowish, coarse, buttery, 
sweet; good; Sept. 
Catherine Lambré. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:534, fig. 1867. 2. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 
716. 1869. 
One of the last seedlings raised by Van Mons in his nursery at Louvain. Fruit large, 
oblong-obtuse-pyriform, greenish-yellow, covered with russet dots on the shaded side and 
blushed with tender rose on the sunny side; flesh whitish, semi-fine, juicy, melting, sweet, 
seldom gritty, having an exquisite savor recalling the perfume of the rose; very good; Oct. 
and Nov. 
Catherine Royal. 1. Langley Pomona 131, Pl. LXII, fig. 5. 1729. 
King Catherine. 2. Parkinson Par. Ter. 592. 1629. 
Catherine Royal is mentioned by Langley as one of ‘“‘ the best kinds of Pears in Eng- 
land,” and is without doubt the King Catherine Pear described earlier by Parkinson. 
Fruit medium in size, obovate-obtuse-pyriform; July and Aug. 
Catillac. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:233, Pl. LVIII, fig. 4. 1768. 2. Leroy Dict. 
Pom. 1:535, fig. 1867. 3. Downing Fr. Trees Am. 716. 1869. 4. Bunyard 
Handb. Hardy Fr. 162. 1920. 
Grand Monarque. 5. Knoop Fructologie 1:125, 136, fig. 1771. 
This old French baking pear with over sixty synoyms is supposed to have been found 
near Cadillac in the Gironde. Bonnefond in 1665 in the Jardinier Frangois first 
described it under this name. The great size of the Catillac has often caused it to be con- 
fused with the Pound pear, and the latter’s name has been applied as a synonym for the 
Catillac, but the two are distinct. Tree stout, vigorous, spreading, productive; leaf large, 
round, downy, serrate. Fruit very large, broadly turbinate, dull green to yellow, with 
brownish-red blush; stem stout, an inch long, in a small cavity; calyx open, in a moder- 
ately deep, ribbed basin; flesh hard, rough; one of the best of stewing pears, cooking a 
deep red; Nov. to Mar. 
Catinka. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:537, fig. 1867. 2. Hogg Fruit Man. 545. 1884. 
Raised by Major Espéren from seed at Mechlin, Bel., about 1845. Fruit medium, 
obovate, lemon-yellow, thickly covered with large cinnamon-colored freckles and tracings 
of russet; flesh yellowish-white, juicy, sugary, with a rich, full flavor perfumed with rose; 
good; late autumn. 
Cavaignac. 1. Dochnahl Fuhr. Obstkunde 2:96. 1856. 
Raised by Van Mons, 1852. Fruit medium; skin rough, green changing to yellowish- 
green, blushed with red on the sun-exposed side; devoid of scent and flavor; Sept. 
