332 THE PEARS OF NEW YORK 
long, variable, sometimes rather like Calebasse in form but more usually obtuse-conic, 
bright yellow though a little greenish, dotted all over with gray-brown and widely carmined 
on the side opposed to the sun; flesh whitish, semi-fine and melting; juice sufficient; saccha- 
rine, seldom much perfumed but with a delicate flavor; second; Aug. 
Certeau d’Hiver. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:540, fig. 1867. 2. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 
2:248. 1768. 
Certeau d’Hiver, like Certeau d’Ete, originated, Charles Estienne, writing in 1540, 
tells us, in the environs of Vitry-le-Francais, in the French champagne country. Fruit 
medium and sometimes less, long-turbinate, swelled and contracted at summit, sometimes 
gourd-like in form, bright yellowish-green, dotted with fawn, washed with brown-red on 
side touched by the sun; flesh yellowish-white, semi-fine, semi-breaking, gritty and somewhat 
astringent; juice abundant, sugary, perfumed; third; Dec. to Apr. or May. 
Cesile. xz. Kenrick Am. Orch. 140. 1841. 
Tree hardy, productive; fruit large, globular, flattened at the apex, red-russeted; 
flesh buttery; very good; Oct. 
Chaigneau. 1. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:542, fig. 1867. 2. Guide Prat. 57. 1895. 
From a seed bed made in 1848 by Jacques Jalais, a nurseryman at Nantes, Fr., first 
published in 1858. Fruit medium, turbinate-obtuse, yellowish-green, dotted with brownish- 
gray; flesh white, melting; juice acidulous, sugary, refreshing, aromatic; first; Oct. 
Chair-a-Dame. 1. Duhamel Tratit. Arb. Fr. 2:156, Pl. XVI. 1768. 2. Leroy Dict. Pom. 
1:543, fig. 1867. 
Le Lectier possessed in his garden at Orléans at the beginning of the seventeenth 
century two strains of the Chair-a-Dame. One he called Chere-a-Dame tres-hastine, 
and the other Chere-a-Dame. The first is very early in its ripening and the second much 
later. Fruit medium or less, oblong-pyriform, bossed, fairly regular; skin thin, bright 
yellow-green, very finely dotted with gray-russet and extensively carmined on the side next 
the sun; flesh white, semi-fine, breaking or semi-melting, watery, gritty at center; juice 
abundant, saccharine, vinous, rarely very aromatic, sometimes slightly acid; second; Aug. 
and Sept. 
Chamness. 1. Clingman Cat. 8. 1921. 
Originated with a Mr. Chamness of Timpson, Tex., possibly as a cross between Kieffer 
and Bartlett, and was introduced in 1913. Fruit medium, smooth, yellow; flesh melting, 
juicy, tender, sweet; ripens last of August. 
Champ Riche d’Italie. 1. Duhamel Trait. Arb. Fr. 2:232. 1768. 2. Kenrick Am. Orch. 
124. 1841. 3. Leroy Dict. Pom. 1:544, fig. 1867. 4. Hogg Fruit Man. 545. 
1884. 5 
Probably of Italian origin. Diel of Stuttgart devoted many pages of his Kern- 
obstsorten to it in 1805 at which time he had received it from the neighborhood of Paris, 
though it had already been known for a long while at Berlin. Fruit above medium and 
often large, pyriform, always rather swelled below the central circumference, contracted 
at the summit which is often nearly acute, greenish on the shady side, yellow-ochre on the 
face exposed to the sun, dotted all over with brown specks; flesh whitish, semi-melting or 
breaking, rather fine, free from grit, juicy, sweet and perfumed; first rate for cooking and 
compotes but third for dessert. 
