THE INHERITANCE OF FAMILY TRAITS 49 



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Fig. 20. — Pedigree of an American family of singers. Numbers below 

 BjTiibols designate grades; thus: 1, little or no musical ability; 2, medium 

 ability; 3, exceptionally high ability. Numbers above the individual symbols 

 are for reference. 



I, 1. Extremely fond of music, had organ and piano in his home; a very 

 cultivated man of artistic tastes. Married I, 2, non-musical, belonging to an 

 utterly non-musical family. Their son, II, 2, is not musical. 



I, 3. Fond of music, could "carry a tune" easily. A mathematician and 

 astronomer. His wife, I, 4, was sufficiently musical to sing in such a simple 

 church choir as was to be found in the State of Maine in the middle of the 

 nineteenth century and her mother and mother's sisters were singers. All 

 of their four children were musical. One son, II, 7, who died unmarried had a 

 fine voice and was a good singer. The other son, II, 4, had a musical ear and a 

 fine voice; he sang much without having taken lessons. His wife is non- 

 musical and their 14-year old daughter is as non-musical as her mother. One 

 of the daughters, II, 5, had a fine voice and still keeps up her music; she mar- 

 ried an utterly non-musical man and they have one son who cannot even " carry 

 a tune" and one daughter who is a famous opera singer. The other daughter, 



II, 3, lis a fine singer, and plays the piano, organ and guitar. She married the 

 above-mentioned non-musical man, II, 2. They had six children all of whom 

 have fine voices; III, 1, has a fair baritone voice; III, 2, has an unusually deep 

 bass voice; III, 3, died at 27 years. Her voice was said by good judges, such 

 as the De Reszkes, Anton Seidl, etc., to be more beautiful even than that of 



III, 8. Ill, 4, is organist and choir master in a large church in New York 

 City. Ill, 5, is very musical; III, 6, died young but had already developed 

 much musical talent and could read music with wonderful ease. F. R,.; H. 



medium or exceptionally good was asked for. Altogether 

 data were obtained for 1008 children, their parents and most 

 of their grandparents. The following rules are deduced from 

 these data. 



When both parents are exceptionally good in music 



