THE INHERITANCE OF FAMILY TRAITS 153 



b. Progressive pernicious anemia. — This is a relatively rare 

 disease which has been little studied from the standpoint 

 of heredity. A case described .-—-t— r— r— -. 



^ by Bramwell (1876) is suggest- _ ViJ^ ^ 4JL ^i/^. 

 ive (Fig. 129). ^ UTO •OB" 



c. Nosebleed (epistaxis) — 

 This representative of t h e -n- 

 hemorrhagic diseases of the 

 blood may be a family disease, ^J^^^S:^^. 

 characterized by its frequency The mother, I, 2, died of cardiac 



J . , J • n weakness and chronic diarrhea; it is 



and severity and occasionally uncertain in how far a tendency to 



by its f atalneSS. In some of the anemia was responsible for the result. 

 „ , ... „ iv J T ^' '^' ^^^^ ^^ ^ heart trouble which 



Iratermties Irom an atlected was not further diagnosed. The 



parent all, in others about ether three members of the fraternity 



died of anemia. Both children, II, 

 half, of the children are af- 1, 2, were affected with progressive 



fected. All example is the ^^''^^- ^^^^^^l- 

 family described by Babington (1865). Unfortunately no 

 facts are given about consorts (Fig. 130). In this case most 

 of the persons were violently affected. The fact that no cases 

 are recorded from normal persons in so far raises the sus- 

 picion that the disease is due to the presence of a positive 

 trait, which should tend to make persons having a violent 

 form of the trait hesitate about having children. 



d. Telangiectasis. — Nosebleed is often associated with"* red 

 spots in the skin from which bleeding may occur. ThiS" con- 

 dition is called telangiectasis; its behavior is well illustrated 

 in Figs. 131, 132. Like epistaxis it seems to be a dominant 

 trait, so that normal children who outmarry will probably 

 have no affected offspring. 



e. Hemophilia. — This remarkable condition is character- 

 ized by a proneness to hemorrhage and by difficulty in 

 blood-clotting, so that a hemorrhage once started is stopped 

 with difficulty. Families with this pecuharity (fortunately 

 not very frequent) are known as ''bleeders." In such fam- 



