160 HEREDITY IN RELATION TO EUGENICS 



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Fig. 135. — Pedigree of a family of "bleeders" — the K. family, located in 

 and about Carroll Co., Maryland. Their son, II, 2, was a bleeder but died 

 without issue. The eldest son, III, 1, of the daughter was a bleeder from 18 

 up to 45 years, "often bled till he fainted." He had 2 unaffected brothers 

 and 3 normal sisters but 1 sister. III, 10, was "a bleeder until 40." 

 He had a son, IV, 1, who was a very bad bleeder from 18 until toward middle 

 life and a daughter, IV, 2, who often "bled until she fainted" and eventually 

 died of dysentery. All 19 children of the 2 normal brothers were normal and 

 9 children of the normal sister. III, 7. The affected sister. III, 10, had 3 

 eons and 2 daughters who were affected. IV, 5, is stated to be "a bleeder" 

 and had by an unaffected husband 2 bleeding sons and 1 bleeding daughter 

 besides 4 others who died of scarlatina. Her brother, IV, 8, had a daughter, 

 V, 5, who was a bleeder until 15, and then died of a hemorrhage of the lungs 

 consequent upon tuberculosis. There were other children all of whom died 

 young of scarlatina. The normal brother, IV, 10, had 12 normal children. 

 The next 2 had no offspring. The youngest son, IV, 14, began to bleed 

 while an infant, grew worse until he was 25 and has since improved. He mar- 

 ried a cousin who is also a bleeder and they have 6 children. Three of the 

 daughters have not bled as yet. V, 9, has been a bleeder since he was 8 months 

 old and bleeds until he faints; V, 10, has been a bleeder since she was 8 months 

 old and V, 11, bleeds occasionally but not very severely. Original data, con- 

 tributed by Dr. J. H. Stick. 



a. Heart. — That congenital heart defects are hereditary 

 has long been known and the striking evidence for it has 

 been brought together by Vierordt (1901). His summary 

 deserves translating entire; "Friedberg mentions 3 sons 

 suffering from cyanosis (due to imperfect structure of heart) 

 from one father, 2 from his first, 1 from his second mar- 

 riage; likewise Foot records 3 cases in one family; Haillet re- 

 ports on 4 children with open foetal canals (in the heart) 



