CONTENTS XV 
of the cirrus—The cirro-stratus—Sun and moon halos— 
The cirro-cumulus—Dappled and mackerel skies—The 
stratus—The  strato-cumulus—The cumulus—Cumulus 
changes—Summier clouds—Heap clouds—Cloud illusions 
—The cumulo-nimbus—Silver linings—The nimbus— 
Formis of the rain cloud—Storm clouds—Scattering forms 
of cloud—Scud, wrack, ete.—The lightness and drift of 
clouds—Cloud fancies—Cloud splendor and coloring— 
Seen at sunset—Seen at dawn and at noon-time—Value 
of clouds in landseape—Seen with a low sky line.... 65 
Cuapter V. Rain and Snow.—The vapor-carrying 
capacity of air—Condensation—Causes of clouds and 
rain—Eastern storms, how produced—Warm winds and 
cold mountains—In the high Alps—The rain-drop—Size 
of the drop—The first heavy fall—Thunder-storms— 
Lightning and clouds at night—Rain fringes—Surrounded 
by rain —The rainbow—Three-day storms—Rainy days— 
After the storm—City vs. country rain--Hail—Its forma- 
tion—The hail theories —The falling stones— Snow-flakes 
—Snow on the mountains and rain in the valley—The 
first fall—Snow-storms—The — blizzard—Flying snow— 
The luminosity of snow—Snow  prisms—Brilliancy of 
snow reflection—The snowy landscape—Under moonlight 
—Snow lines—Snow colors and shadows—Swirls and 
drifts —In early spring — Nature’s skeleton — Nature’s 
awakening ...:0s.%s6. cies Copa ti Gieae Bebe B bvarioinsiads Semen 3 85 
Cuapter VI. The Open Sea.—First impressions— 
Sea-changes—Water forms—The strife of the sea—Its 
restlessness — Wind and wave — Wave crests— Storm 
waves —The hurricane sea— The height of waves — 
Thickness of waves—Tropical swells—-Lines of a wave— 
Northern and Southern waves—The undulation and wave 
