MOULD FUNGI I03 



commonest species of PUobolus (Fig. 33) is P. crystallinus which appears 

 on horse dung. It has a few short feeding hyphae and an upright spor- 

 angiophore swollen at the extremity by gas and water vapor and, there- 

 fore, under tension. It bears at its extremity a flat roimded sporan- 

 gium filled with sporangiospores. An explosion of the sporangiophore 

 causes the whole sporangicum to be shot off a considerable distance. 



Family 2. Mortierellace^. — This family consists of two genera 

 Mortierella and Herpocladiella. The genus Mortierella, which is repre- 

 sented by a coprophiious sj)ecies, M. Rostafinski, has a spwrangium 

 borne on a sporangiophore which ar'ses in a definite way from a snare of 

 hj'phae that are knotted into a rounded mass at its base. In M. cande- 

 labrum, the sporangiophore is branched candelabra-like. Brefeld men- 

 tions Mortierella and Khisopus as examples of the carpwsporangiate 

 ZYGOMYCETALES, where the sporangiophores appear always at 

 predetermined places on the mycelium, and not at indefinite points, as 

 in the majority of other moulds. 



Family 3. Choanephorace.*:. — Represented by a single genus 

 Choanephora and a single species infundibulifer on flowers of Hibiscus 

 in East Indies. 



Family 4. CncETOCLADiACEi. — This is a small family of one 

 genus {Cfuetodadium) and two species, (CA. Jonesii and Ch. Brefeldii) 

 (Fig. 32) which hve parasitically on Mucor mucedo and Rhisopus nigri- 

 cans. The terminal sporangia of Thamnidium are never formed and 

 secondary sporangia are reduced to the unisp>orous condition suggesting 

 conidiospores with pointed branches between them. 



Family 5. PiptocephalidacEjE. — Three genera Piptocephalis, 

 Syncephalis and Syncephalastrum are recognized in Die Natiirlichen 

 Pflanzenfamihen. The eight spjedes of Piptocephalis are parasitic 

 on the mycelia of Mucor, PUobolus and Chcetodadium species (Fig. 37). 

 The haustorial hypha flattens itself disc-like on the outer surface of 

 the host's hyphse and sends five rhizoidal branches into the host cells. 

 An erect dichotomously branched conidiophore bears conidiospores 

 in globular clusters at the ends of its principal branches. Some 

 species of Syncephalis are parasitic on other fungi; but S. cordata 

 grows on manure, presumably as a saprophyte. 



Tathtt.y 6. Entomophthorace-e. — Themyceliumof the fungi of this 

 family is more or less richly developed and lives endozoicaUy in animals, 

 such as flies, mosquitoes, aphids, and seldom saprophvticaUy as 



