HIGHER rUNGI 1 29 



consisting of a binucleate penultimate and a uninucleate ultimate and 

 antepenultimate cell. In this case, the two nuclei of the penultimate 

 ceU may fuse to form the nucleus of an ascus, or they may divide and 

 give rise to four nuclei of another hook. The uninucleate ultimate 

 cell usually grows down and fuses with the antepenultimate cell, 

 after which the nuclei of the two cells may give rise to the nuclei of 

 another book or they may fuse to form an ascus. The walls separating 

 the nuclei may fail to be formed without affecting the fate of the nuclei. 

 In this process there is a conjugate division comparable to that in the 

 rusts. Frequently the ascogenous hyphae do not become markedly 

 bent, and in this case, when the two nuclei in the tip divide, a wall 

 may separate two pairs of sisters. Either of these pairs may divide 

 and give rise to the nuclei of another hook or fuse to form the nucleus 

 of an ascus. Any of the methods described above by which the number 

 of asci is increased may be repeated many times. Large storage 

 cells are formed in rows which give rise to the paraphyses. They are 

 at first multinucleate but the nuclei fuse as growth proceeds. This 

 process continues until often the cells contain a single very large nucleus 

 many times the size of the largest nucleus in the ascus. The nuclei 

 are very irregular." 



Blackman, V. H. AND Fraser, H. C, Jr.: Fertilization in Sphaerotheca. Annals 



of Botany, 19: 367-569, 1905. 

 Brown, W. H. : The Development of the Asocarp of Leotia. Botanical Gazette, 



so: 443-459- 

 Clatjssen, p.: Zur Entwickelimg der Ascomyceten Boudiera. Bot. Zeit., 68 



(1905): Zui Entwickelungsgeschichte der Ascomyceten Pyronema confluens. 



Zeitschrift fur Botanik, 4 Jahrgang, Heft i : 1-64; Ueber neuere Arbeiten zur 



Entwickelungsgeschichte der Ascomyceten. Ber. der. deutsch. Bot. Gesellsch. 



Jahrg., 1906, Band xxiv: 11-38 with complete bibliography. 

 Engler, A. and Gilg, Ernst.: Syllabus der Pflanzenfamilien, 191 2: 47. 



fonn nucleus of ascus, and tip has fused with stalk of hook; 27, ultimate cell has 

 fused with an ti penultimate; nucleus of latter has migrated into former, which is 

 growing out to give rise to ascus or another hook; 28, two nuclei of penultimate cell 

 have fused to form nucleus of ascus; ultimate cell has fused with antepenultimate 

 and nucleus of latter has mi^frated into former, which has grown out to form another 

 hook; 29, binucleate penultimate cell has given rise to hook; ultimate cell has fused 

 with penuTtimate, and the two nuclei have fused; ultimate cell has not developed 

 further; 30, binucleate penultimate cell has formed ascus, which fusion product of 

 ultimate and antepenultimate has given rise to second ascus; 31, diagram illustrating 

 multiplication of number of asci by method shown in 26-30; 9-20 X1400. 21-30 X 

 2100. (After Brown. WilliamH., The Development of the Ascocarp of Leolia. Botanical 

 Gazelle, 50: 443-359, Dec, 1910.) 



