GALLS 401 



outer cell layers in some of the galls produced by Cynipid/E is rich in 

 tannin, so that these galls have been used from time immemorial in 

 the tanning of leather and in the production of ink. Tannin balls occur 

 in the nutritive parenchyma of many galls and are devoured by the 

 larvae of the same. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY OF GALLS 



Adler, Hermann, Transl. by Straton, Charles R.: Alternating Generations. 



A Biological Study of Oak Galls and Gall Flies. Oxford, at the Clarendon 



Press, 1894, pages ig8. 

 AsHMEAD, W. H.. Galls of Florida. Proc. Ent. Soc. Am., new ser., 1881: ix-xx, 



xxiv-xxviii, 1885 and x-xix. Trans. Am. Ent. Soc, xiv: 125-128. 

 Beutenmoller, William: Catalogue of Gall-producing Insects Found Within 



Fifty Miles of New York City, with Descriptions of Their Galls, and of Some 



New Species. Bull. .American JNIuseum Natural History, iv: 245-278, with 



8 plates. 

 BEUTENMtJLLER, WiLiiAM: The Insect Galls of the Vicinity of New York City, 



Guide Leaflet No. 16, American Museum of Natural History. Reprinted from 



American Museum Journal, iv. No. 4. 

 CoNNOLD, Edward T.: British Vegetable Galls: an Introduction to Their Study, 



igo2, pages 312, with 130 plates. 

 Cook, Mel T.. Some Problems in Cecidology. Botanical Gazette, 52; 386-390, 



November, 1911; A Common Error concerning Cecidia. Science, new ser., 34: 



683-684, Nov. 17, 1911. 

 CosENS, A.. A Contribution to the Morphology and Biology of Insect Galls. Trans. 



Canadian Institute, ix: 297-387, 191 2, with 13 plates. 

 Darboux, G. and Hovard, C: Hilfsbuch fiir das Sammeln der Zoocecidien, mit 



Beriicksichtigung der Nahrpflanzen Europas und dcs Mittelmeergebietes. 

 Felt, Ephraim Porter: A Study of Gall Midges II. 29th Report of the New 



York State Entomologist, 1913: 79-213, with 16 plates, Albany, 1915. 

 Howard, C: Les Zooc&idies des Plantes d' Europe etdu Bassin dela Mediterranee. 



Description des Galles. Illustration, Bibliographie detaill^e. Repartition 



geographique. Index bibliographique, 2 tomes, Paris, igo8. 

 Kerner, Anton: Natural History of Plants, transl. by F. W. Oliver, ii: 518-554, 



1895. 

 KtiSTER, Dr. Ernst: Die Gallen der Pflanzen. ein Echrbuch fiir Botaniker und 



Entomologen, mit 158 Abbildungen. 

 K-iJSTER, E.: Pathologischc Pflanzenanatomie, Gustav Fischer in Jena, 1903; Zweite 



Auflage, 1916. 

 KtJSTER, E.: Pathological Plant Anatomy, authorized translation by Frances 



DoRRANCE, 1913-1915. 

 Lacaze-Dtjthiers, H.: Recherches pour seri'ir a I'historie des Galles. Ann. Sc. 



Nat. Hot., xii: 353, 1849; xiv: 17, 1850; xLx: 273, 332, 1853. 

 26 



