70 THE EARTHWOKM 



closely apposed ventral ganglia, the first pair of the 

 ventral chain. 



2. The ventral nerve-cliain. 



Bemove the alimentary canal, from the pharynx backwa/rds, 

 without injuring the nerve-collar and chain. 



The chain runs along the ventral body-wall in 

 the middle line, giving off three pairs of nerves in 

 each segment along nearly the whole length of the 

 bodyi 



III. EXAMINATION OF TEANSVERSE SECTIONS OF THE 

 INTESTINAL EEGION. 



The structure of the body-wall and alimentary canal, and 

 many other points in the anatomy of the earthworm, are best 

 understood from a microscopical examination of transverse 

 sections of the whole animal. 



To prepare these sections kill a worm with cold saturated 

 solution of corrosive sublimate ; cut out about half an inch 

 from the middle of its length, and leave this in the sublimate 

 for ttventy-four hotirs. Wash it well, and transfer to spirit. 

 Carefully syringe out the contents of the intestine. Stain; 

 imbed, and cut into transverse sections with a microtome. 

 Mount the sections in order. 



Examine with low and high powers. 



A. Shape. 



The section is nearly circular in outline. The dorsal 

 surface is indicated by the typhlosole, the ventral by the 

 nerve-cord. 



B. The Integument. 



1. The cuticle is a thin structureless superficial layer, often 



separated by the action of the reagents from the 

 underlying epidermis. 



2. The epidermis lies immediately below the cuticle. It 



consists of a single layer of columnar cells, set side 

 by side at right angles to the surface, with nuclei 



