SKELETON OF THE KABBIT 259 



I. THE AXIAL SKELETON. 



A. The Vertebral Colunui or ' backbone.' 



This consists of a series of bony rings or vertebrae, placed 

 end to end so as to form a tube, which stiffens the back, and 

 lodges and protects the spinal cord. The successive vertebras 

 are movably articulated with one another, and their centra are 

 separated by intervertebral discs of fibro-cartilage, except in 

 the sacrum, where a certain number are fused together to 

 support the pelvis. 



The vertebrsB fall readily into five groups, named as follows 

 from before backwards : — 



(1.) The cervical or neck vertebrae. 



(2.) The thoracic vertebr8e,which bear movably articulated 

 ribs. 



(3.) The lumbar vertebrae, which are the largest of the 

 series, and bear no ribs. 



(4.) The sacral vertebrae, which are fused together to sup- 

 port the pelvis. 



(5.) The caudal or tail vertebraa. 



1. General characters of a vertebra. 

 Examine, as a type, the second lumbar vertebra. 



a. The vertebra is tubular, the cavity or neural canal 



being occupied during life by the spinal cord. 



b. The centrum or body is the thickened ventral wall 



of the tube, forming the floor of the neural canal. 

 It corresponds in position to the notochord of the 

 embryo, which it replaces. 



c. The epiphyses are two thin plates of bones applied 



to the ends of the centrum, with which they fuse 

 in old age. 



d. The neural arch forms the sides and roof of the 



neural canal, and presents at each end, close to 

 the centrum, a pair of intervertebral notches for 

 the passage of the spinal nerves, the posterior 

 notches being much the deeper. 



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