CONTENTS. 



CHAPTER XXX. 



PAGE 



European Spruce — Deal — Silver Fir 338 



CHAPTER XXXI. 



Larch— Rate of growth— Planted in Scotland — Italian — Early uses — 

 Polish — Russian — Tried at Woolwich — Excessive shrinkage — Experi- 

 ments — Tables — Uses, &c. — Other European Conifers . . . 344 



CHAPTER XXXII. 



North American Conifers — The Pines of Canada and the United States — 



Red Pine— Dimensions — Sap-wood — Experiments — Tables, &c. . 350 



CHAPTER XXXIII. 



Pine, Canada yellow — Dimensions — Inch masts — Size of logs — "Waney" 

 timber — Deals bright and floated — Defects — Experiments — Tables — 

 Navy contracts, &c 356 



CHAPTER XXXIV. 



Pine, American Pitch — Mast pieces — Size of logs — Defects — Experiments 



— ^Tables, &c. — Other American Pines 367 



CHAPTER XXXV. 



The American Firs— Oregon or Douglas Fir— Description- Rate of growth 

 — Size of spars — Specimen at Kew Gardens — Uses — Other 

 American Firs — Spruce — Larch, &c 



374 



CHAPTER XXXVI. 



Asiatic and African Conifers— The Cedars— The Conifers of India, &c.— 



Cedar of Lebanon— Rapid growth— Other Cedars . . . .380 



CHAPTER XXXVII. 

 The Conifers of Australia and New Zealand— Kauri or Cowdie Pine- 

 Large handsome trees— Rate of growth— Dense foliage— Unequalled 

 for masts— Slight defects— Experiments— Tables, &c. ... 387 



