XXXI.] OTHER EUROPEAN CONIFERS. 349 



OTHER EUROPEAN CONIFERS. 



Apart from the Yew and the Juniper, the wood of 

 which has practically no commercial importance, we 

 have no other Conifers indigenous to Britain except the 

 Scotch Pine. On the Continent, however, the following 

 Pines are noteworthy : — 



The Austrian, or Black Pine (Pinus Austriaca), a 

 variety of Pinus Laricio, extensively grown in the East 

 of Europe, yields a soft wood practically indistinguish- 

 able from that of the Scotch Pine, and useful for the 

 same purposes. Other varieties of the same species 

 are the Corsican Pine, the Pyrenean Pine, and some 

 others. 



The Cluster Pine (P. Pinaster), characteristic of 

 some of the rocky parts of Europe, and much used in 

 the south and west of France, where it is known as the 

 Maritime Pine from the extensive planting on the coasts, 

 yields a highly resinous reddish wood employed in 

 naval work and in carpentry. 



The Italian Stone Pine {P. Pined), an allied species, 

 yields a very similar timber, but less resinous and more 

 easily worked in carpentry. The woods of all these 

 Pines are much used on the Continent also for packing- 

 cases and for fuel. 



The light, white wood of the Cembran Pine 

 {P. Cembrd) of the Savoy, &c., is of very little use, and 

 is scarcely employed ; and the Mountain Pine {P. 

 Pumilio) is more interesting from a forester's point of 

 view than as a timber tree. 



