xxxiii.] YELLOW PINE. 359 



the best that can be obtained for conversion into 

 board. 



In addition to the masts and timber, a few deals are 

 imported. These are cut 3 inches thick, and vary in 

 breadth from 9 to 24 inches, and occasionally even to 

 32 inches. In length they vary from 10 to 20 feet. 

 They are sorted in Canada into three parcels, and 

 designated first, .second, and third quality, according as 

 they are found free from knots, sap, defects, &c., &c., or 

 otherwise. They are further denominated "bright" 

 when passed direct from the saw-mills to the craft for 

 shipment, in contradistinction to others, termed 

 " floated," which are often brought over long distances 

 on rafts, and get a little discoloured in their transit. 

 They are commonly sold at per 120, St. Petersburg 

 standard, and the price of the " floated " usually stands 

 depreciated in the market to the extent of about 10 or 

 12 per cent, below the price of "bright" deals. A 

 simple red chalk mark, thus — I., II., and III., 

 drawn across the middle or side of the deals, is the 

 only distinguishing brand they have to denote their 

 quality. 



Yellow Pine timber is subject to the cup and heart- 

 shake defects, and there is- also a slight degree of 

 sponginess about the centre or early annual layers of 

 the older trees, which detracts a little from their 

 value. Further, the top end of the logs are often 

 coarse and knotty, which renders that part unfit for 

 conversion into small scantlings ; but, otherwise, it 

 is a good and profitable description of timber for 

 use, in substitution for the heavier and harder Pines. 



The subjoined tables of experiments on the strength 

 of Yellow Pine will afford a means of comparison with 

 other species. 



