4o6 APPENDICES. 



(6.) Pit-wood. Many thousands of tons of timber, in the 

 form of props for shoring, are employed annually in mines of 

 all kinds. 



(7.) Sluice-gates, canal works, water-wheels, wet-slides, and 

 many minor works under water require special kinds of 

 timber. 



(8.) Mills for oil, sugar, &c., pulleys, windlasses, &c., are 

 largely made of wood in many parts of the world, and great 

 care is needed in employing the right kinds for cogs, axles, 

 crushers, &c. 



(9.) Ship-building and boat-building of all kinds, in spite 

 of the rapidly extending employment of metal, still demand 

 (and will probably always do so) the selection and employment 

 of enormous quantities of large timber, not only of special 

 strength and durability, but also of peculiar shapes and sizes ; 

 this, moreover, apart from the numerous fittings — masts, 

 spars, decks, oars, fittings, &c. — afterwards put into the 

 vessels. 



(10.) The necessities of waggon and carriage making of 

 all kinds, including gun-carriages, barrows, hand-carts, railway 

 and tram cars, sledges, &c., form another important market for 

 timber. The naves (hubs), spokes, felloes of wheels, the shafts 

 or poles, the panels, axles, and, indeed, all the parts require 

 timber with properties specially suited for the particular 

 purposes. 



(11.) Timber for cooperage — staves, hoops, and head- 

 pieces — for barrels, casks, pails, buckets, &c., is another 

 special branch of the subject ; and the various trades con-' 

 cerned demand very special properties, according as liquid, 

 volatile, or dry goods of various kinds are to be in contact 

 with the wood. 



(12.) The demands for joinery or carpentry and cabinet- 

 making are so various, that a long chapter would be required 

 to enumerate them. Panelling, balusters, flooring, furniture, 

 and house-decoration require many woods of various degrees 

 of hardness, shades of colour, marking, &c. Veneers, carved 



