APPENDIX A. 407 



work, inlaid work, and ornamental work of all kinds have 

 their special requirements. 



(13.) Shingles, rudders and oars, treenails and pegs, skewers, 

 drums, sieve-frames, hoops, band-boxes, wood for matches, 

 match and other boxes, &c., may also be mentioned. 



(14.) Musical instruments — violins, guitars, wind instru- 

 ments, the sounding-boards of pianos, &c., are other instances 

 where special qualities are demanded. 



(15.) Lead and other pencils, penholders, &c., again 

 consume enormous quantities of straight-grained soft woods. 



(16.) Wood for turnery, moulding, engraving, and carving 

 must also have special properties. 



(17.) Packing-cases, tea-chests, opium-boxes, &c., are 

 manufactured of soft woods readily suited for the particular 

 purposes. 



(18.) Agricultural implements, such as ploughs, harrows, 

 hoes, spades, hay-rakes, forks, &c., form another class of cases 

 where wood is largely used. 



(19.) Lance-staves, broom-handles, tool-handles of all kinds, 

 butchers' blocks, walking-sticks, and a host of other everyday 

 implements remind us of other uses of various timbers. 



(20.) Basket-making in all its various branches demands 

 more kinds and quantities of wood than people are generally 

 aware of. 



(21.) Shavings of wood are used for packing and ornamental 

 work of many kinds, and several devices are used for producing 

 what is sometimes called wood-wool. 



(22.) Wood-pulp. One of the newest applications of wood 

 is in the manufacture of many kinds of paper, papier-machd, 

 and thousands of articles are now made annually of various 

 moulded preparations of this wood-pulp ; these include not 

 only toys, picture-frames, mouldings, &c., but even railway 

 wheels have been made of it, pressed into steel frames. 



(23.) The uses of wood for burning purposes are almost 

 forgotten in this country, but in Germany and many parts of 

 the Continent, and in other countries, especially India, a great 



