CONTENTS. XI 



rAGE 



Differentiatioa of the Primitive Intestinal Tabe into a Respiratory 

 and a Digestive Intestine. — Gill-intesLine and Stomach-intestine of 

 the Amphioxus and Ascidian. — Origin and Signiiicance of the Gill- 

 openings. — Their Disappearance. — The Gill-arches and the Jaw- 

 Skeleton. — Formation of the Teeth. — Development of the Lnngs 

 from the Swim-bladder of Fish. — Differentiation of the Stomach. — 

 Development of the Liver and Panoreas.^Differeutiation of the 

 Small and Large Intestines. — Formation of the Cloaca ... ... 311 



CHAPTER XXIV. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE VASCULAR SYSTEM. 



Application of the Fundamental Law of Biogeny. — The Two Sides. — 

 Heredity of Conservative Organs. — Adaptation of Progressive 

 Organs. — Ontogeny and Comparative Anatomy complementary of 

 each other. — New " Theories of Evolution " of His. — The " En- 

 velope Theory " and the " Waste-rag Theory." — Main Germ and 

 Supplementary Germ.— Formative Yelk and Nutritive Yelk. — Pliy- 

 logenetic Origin of the latter from the Primitive Intestine. — Origin 

 of the Vascular System from the Vascular Layer, or Intestinal- 

 fibrous Layer. — Phylogenetic Significance of the Ontogenetic Suc- 

 cession of the Organ-systems and Tissues. — Deviation from the 

 Original Sequence ; Ontogenetic Heteroehronism. — Covering Tissue. 

 — Connective Tissue. — Nerve-muscle Tissue. — Vascular Tissue. — 

 Relative Age of the Vascular System. — First Commencement of 

 the Latter ; Coeloma. — Dorsal Vessel and Ventral Vessel of Worms. 

 — Simple Heart of Ascidia.— rAtrophy of the Heart in the Am- 

 phioxus. — Two-chambered Heart of the Cyclostoma. — Arterial 

 Arches of the Selachii. — Double Auricle in Dipneusta and Am- 

 phibia. — Double Ventricle in Birds and Mammals. — Arterial Arches 

 in Birds and Mammals. — Germ-history (Ontogeny) of the Human 

 Heart. — Parallelism of the Tribal-history (Phylogeny) ... ... 318 



CHAPTER XXV. 



DEVELOPMENT OF THE URINARY AND SEXUAL ORGAN'S. 



Importance of Reproduction. — Growth. — Simplest Forms of Asexual 

 Reproduction : Division and the Formation of Buds (Gemmal;ion). — ■ 

 Simplest Forms of Sexual Reproduction : Amalgamation of Two 

 Differentiated Cells; the Male Sperm-cell and the Female Egg-cell. 

 — Fertilization. — Source of Love. — Original Hermaphroditism ; 



