man's relation to apes. 177 



which is represented by the sub-order of the Narrow-nosed, 

 or Eastern Apes. Finally, the question which now re- 

 mains to be answered is — Avhat position in this sub-order 

 must be assigned to Man, and whether other inferences as 

 to the structure of our immediate ancestors may be drawn 

 from this position. The comprehensive and acute researches 

 into the Comparative Anatomy of Man and the various 

 Catarhinse, which Huxley has recorded in his work on the 

 " Evidence as to Man's Place in Nature," are of the greatest 

 value in furnishing the answer to these important questions. 

 The inevitable conclusion is, that the difference between 

 Man and the highest Narrow-nosed Apes (the Gorilla, Chim- 

 panzee, Orang) is slighter in every respect than the corre- 

 sponding differences between the highest and the lowest 

 Catarhines (the Sea-cat, Macaque, Baboon). Even within 

 the small group of the TaU-less man-like Apes (Anthro- 

 poides) the several genera do not differ less from each other 

 than they do from Men. This is seen by a glance at the 

 skeletons represented here, as arranged by Huxley (Figs. 

 204-208). If the skull, or the vertebral column, together 

 with the rib-system, or the anterior or posterior members, 

 are compared ; or if the comparison is extended to the 

 muscular system, the circulatory system, the brain, etc., 

 a candid and unprejudiced examination always results in 

 the same conclusion, that Man does not differ more from 

 the higher Catarhines than the extreme forms of the latter 

 (for example, the Gorilla and Baboon) differ from each 

 other. We can, therefore, complete the important propo- 

 sition already quoted from Huxley : We may take what- 

 ever system of organs wo will, — the comparison of their 

 modifications within the ranks of the Catarhinje leads us 



