FALSE HERMAPHEODITISM. 423 



nerves (nervi pudendi) which are especially concerned in 

 producing the sexual sensations (p. 238). In the male the 

 phallus develops into the masculine "penis" (Fig. 329, D, e); 

 in the female it becomes the much smaller "clitoris " (Fig. 

 329, G, e) ; only in some Apes (Ateles) does this become un- 

 usually large. The "fore-skin" (prceputium), in both 

 sexes, also develops as a skin-fold from the anterior part of 

 the circumference of the phallus. In the male sexual furrow 

 the lower side of the phallus receives the urogenital 

 canal, and, as a continuation of the latter, modifies, by the 

 coalescence of its two parallel edges, into a closed canal — ■ 

 the male urinary tube (urethra). In the female this occurs 

 only in a few instances (in some Semi-apes, Gnawing Animals 

 or Rodentia, and Moles) ; as a rule the sexual furrow remains 

 open and its edges are developed into the labia minora. 

 The labia majora of the female develops from the two 

 parallel skin-folds which appear on each side of the sexual 

 furrow. In the male these last folds coalesce, forming a 

 closed sac, the testis-sac {scrotum). Occasionally this 

 coalescence does not take place, and the sexual furrow also 

 sometimes remains open (hypospadia). In these cases the 

 external male genitalia resemble' the female, and this phe- 

 nomenon has often been mistaken for hermaphroditism 

 (pseudo-hermaphroditism).^^'' 



From this and other cases of false "hermaphroditism," 

 the much less frequent cases of "true hermaphroditism" are 

 very distinct. This exists only when the essential organs of 

 reproduction, both kinds of germ-glands, are united in one 

 individual. Either an ovary is then developed on the right, 

 and a testis on the left (or vice versa) ; or testes and ovaries 

 are developed on both sides, one more, the other less 



