321 APPENDIX. 



poglatrus or halibut; the platessa, flounder, fluke and flat-fish; the 

 pleuronectes or turbot ; and the aeMrus or sole. 



Of the apodals, or those without lower fins, we have the anguil- 

 lidce or eels, and the genus conger or eonger eel, and the ammadytes 

 or sand-lance. 



The subdivision hphohranehii, which is distinguished by having 

 little tufts at the gills, has the following families : 



The syngnathidm, which have the body armed with transverse 

 plates, and have a large gill-cover and single dorsal. It includes the% 

 syngnathus or pipe-fish, and the hippocampus or sea-horse. 



The subdivision plectonathi have concealed gills and a narrow 

 fissure for gill opening; the family gymnodontidm has in lieu of 

 teeth a bony substance like enamel, and includes the diodon or 

 balloon-fish and the tetraodon or swell-fish, bothof which can inflate 

 themselves. The family oalistidm is represented by the file or 

 fool-fish. 



Of the cartilaginous fish the ehutheropomi have free gills with a 

 strong cover, but no rays, and include the family of the sturionidw, 

 which have large bony plates in longitudinal rows and a mouth 

 underneath and toothless. The genus acipenser or sturgeon is alone 

 common. 



The order plagiostomi has fixed gills without cover ; the family 

 squaMdm, which has the gill-holes never underneath, comprises the 

 carcharias or shark, the lamna or mackerel shark, the mwtellus or 

 dog-fish, the selachm or basking shark, and the zygmna or hammer- 

 headed shark. 



The family raiidm has a flattened body, large pectorals and. bran- 

 chial openings underneath. It comprises the rays, the skates and 

 the devil-fish. 



The order cycloitomi includes the family petromysonidw, which has 

 neither pectorals nor ventrals, comprising the petromysson or sea- 

 lamprey and the ammocmtes or common lamprey. 



These are the principal varieties of fish found in the waters of the 

 northern section of America according to their scientific designa- 

 tions and their confused and intricate popular appellations. Perhaps 

 in time, with the diffusion of knowledge and the efforts of sportsmen, 

 uniformity may be obtained, and the language of Massachusetts be 

 comprehensible to the inhabitants of Iowa. To effect this .object 

 should be the desire of all, and it is to be hoped that naturalists and 

 sportsmen will mutually aid one another by ascertaining the- appro- 

 priate name of each species, and when ascertained, by applying it 

 invariably. 



