Horse Stalls and Cow Stalls 19 
Horses are best confined:in stalls by means of stout 
leather halters, which can be tied to the railing or to 
any suitable place on the manger or side of partition. 
The tie should be secure and short enough to preveut 
the possibility of a horse getting a foot over the halter 
stale. An excellent method is to pass the halter stale 
through a rope or ring or over a pulley, and attach 
a light weight to the other end; this always keeps the 
rope taut enough to prevent accidents of this nature. 
In some cases, where animals do not stand well when 
tied by the head, they can be confined in the stall 
by a chain fastened across behind the animal; this 
is also a good method of preventing the animal from 
backing and lying down in the manure. 
When room ean be afforded, box stalls are desirable. 
These may be as much as twelve feet square, although 
ten by ten is a good size. In all horse stalls, provide 
high walls or partitions for kicking animals,—three 
and a half to four feet high. 
COW STABLES 
The general arrangement of a cow stable, from a 
veterinarian’s point of view, should be similar to that 
of a horse stable, except that cement can be used more 
satisfactorily for feed-troughs, passageways and gut- 
ter behind the cows. Cement passageways for horse 
stables should be roughened, to prevent horses slip- 
ping, as the continuous wear from steel shoes is liable 
to make the cement smooth. 
The length of stalls for cattle must depend on the 
