36 The Diseases of Animals 
in training dogs or other animals is to-attempt to 
teach too much at once. <A dog should be trained to 
do one thing, and do it well, before another lesson is 
attempted. Dogs that are confined either by chains 
or in yards are easier to break than those that run at 
large. 
When a dog has a tendency to run away and chase 
stock or game a strong cord attached to the collar is 
of great help in controlling him. If the dog is head- 
strong, a collar with spikes on the inside, just long 
enough to prick him sharply, can be used. The dog 
should be spoken to sharply and firmly, and if he does 
not mind a slight jerk on the collar will serve to re- 
mind him. All faults and weaknesses in young dogs 
should be watched for and corrected as soon as possi- 
ble, as they are likely to grow rapidly and tu become 
firmly fixed habits as the animal gets older. This is 
especially true of a tendency to be cross to other ani- 
mals or to people. It is difficult to break an old dog 
of this vice. It is an adage that you cannot teach an 
old dog new tricks. 
In breaking dogs avoid shouting, as it is as easy to. 
teach them to mind a single word or whistle, and much 
more satisfactory. One of the surest ways to spoil a 
dog is to club him or punish him severely for some 
error which he may not understand and then allow 
him to go free. 
CATS 
Cats hold a prominent place as pets on account 
of their cleanly, domestic natures, and their useful- 
