Shipping of Horses 73 
is less danger of slipping and injury to themselves or to 
others. It is a good plan to rasp the edges of the hoofs 
to prevent their splitting and breaking off. The car 
should be thoroughly disinfected and the floor should 
be well covered with fine litter or similar material, to 
absorb moisture and so to prevent it from getting wet 
and slippery. Each animal should be rather closely 
confined by himself, as there is less danger of the 
momentum in starting and stopping being transmitted 
to other animals. In no case shouid a horse be loose 
with a great amount of room, as he is likely to be 
thrown about and injured. Horses should be fed spar- 
ingly and watered as frequently as possible in transit. 
They should be unloaded and allowed to rest and be 
fed as often as practicable. 
So far as possible, large sale stables in shipping 
centers should be avoided, especially with “ green 
horses,” as these places are usually infected with influ- 
enza, and the strain of shipping renders the horses 
peculiarly susceptible to this and other diseases. 
The quarters in which horses are confined for ship- 
ment should be well ventilated; there is little danger of 
the animals’ taking cold if their bodies are well proteviea 
by stable blankets. The injury resulting from impure 
air in close quarters is likely to be much greater than 
that following undue exposure. If a horse gets down, 
in transit, he should be gotten on his feet as soon as 
possible, as there is danger of the other horses’ tramp- 
ling and seriously injuring him. After unloading, the 
animals should be allowed to rest and should be fed 
lightly and given gentle exercise until their normal con- 
