76 The Diseases of Animats 
ments” may be laid down, and should always be kept in 
mind. A horse should never be trusted more than is 
necessary. A good horseman never runs risks if he can 
avoid it, and when risks are necessary, he always reduces 
them to a minimum by care and forethought. Many 
distressing accidents occur from trusting old “family” 
horses. Unexpected circumstances are liable to arise at 
any time that require good judgment, and some strength 
and skill, in the handling or controlling of horses. The 
harness and other equipment should be of good quality 
and in good repair. Children, women or incompetent 
men should never be left in charge of horses unless the 
animals are securely tied. Horses should be tied about 
the neck by a strong rope or strap, the latter passed 
through the ring of the bit, or by some similar arrange- 
ment. A horse should always be tied short; if tied 
long, he is liable to get his feet over the rope, to cramp 
the vehicle, to get his nose on the ground, to step on 
the lines or bridle; and if he becomes frightened he has 
much more chance of freeing himself. In driving, a 
whip should always be carried; while it may be seldom 
necessary to use it, vet when it is needed it is usually 
needed very badly. The lines should always be kept 
within reach. 
A horse should never be allowed to get the ad- 
vantage of a driver, or to get from under his control; 
for once he learns that he is superior to the driver he is 
usually ruined. The driver, by firmness, gentleness 
and force of character, should control the horse. Aside 
from the damage which may be incurred by a horse’s 
bolting or running away, an attendant may be hurt by 
