130 The Diseases of Animals 
of giving medicine to horses is by means of a small 
syringe (Fig. 29); the horse’s mouth is opened with 
the left hand, the medicine forced into the back part 
of the mouth, and the syringe withdrawn. With a 
little practice, by this method one can give medicine 
easily and quickly, without loss and without irritation 
to the animal. In giving drenches to cattle, 
the animal’s head is raised by placing the 
thumb and first finger of the left hand in the 
nostrils and lifting the head high enough to 
keep the medicine from running from the 
mouth. An assistant, by taking hold of the 
horns, can steady the animal’s head. Fig. 80. 
In giving medicine to dogs, the mouth can 
be opened by taking hold of the upper jaw 
with the left hand and pushing the sides of 
the lips between the teeth. The medicine 
should then be quickly poured in well back 
on the tongue, in order that it may be swal- 
lowed at once. Pigs are difficult to drench, 
but by cutting a hole in the toe of an old 
Fig. 29. 
Hard rub- 7 er 
ber syringe shoe, and placing this in the creature’s mouth, 
for giving 
medicine £08 him to chew on, the medicine can be poured 
into the shoe and so it will be swallowed. 
In giving drenches, great care should be exercised 
not to strangle the animal, or to get medicine into its 
lungs. Swallowing is impossible if the head is tipped 
too high or too far back. Never attempt to give medi- 
cine while an animal is struggling violently, squealing, 
coughing, or emitting other vocal sounds, or when it is 
only partially conscious, as the medicine is very likely 
