136 The Diseases of Animuls 
on more than forty -eight hours continuously, and 
should be changed several times during this period. 
Poultices are usually made of flaxseed meal, bran, bread 
and milk, spent hops, mashed boiled turnips, or other 
clean, soft substances that will retain heat and mois- 
ture. They may be applied by binding them on the 
part directly, or by putting them in a bag of thin cloth. 
Pulverized charcoal, or a teaspoonful of earbolic acid 
to a pint of poultice, is excellent to keep the substance 
clean and “sweet.” For fomentations, see page 142. 
ENEMAS 
Enemas, or clysters, are injections of warm water into 
the rectum. They may be medicated or not. They are 
given for the purpose of emptying the bowels and 
stimulating their movements. In some cases they are 
also given to remove or destroy worms that may be in 
the rectum. Six to eight quarts of warm water is 
usually a sufficient quantity for an adult 
horse. If the water is slightly soapy, its 
action is increased; a half-teacupful of 
pure glycerine added to the water is excel- 
lent. Enemas are best given by means of 
a hose with a smooth nozzle attached to 
a small foree-pump. In the absence of a 
force-pump, a tin funnel inserted in a 
small piece of hose about 
three feet long answers 
very well; one end of the 
Fig. 32. Apparatus for giving injections hose is inserted into the 
