Medicines for Animals 137 
rectum, the other end containing the funnel is held 
above, and the fluid poured in, the force of gravity 
carrying it into the bowels. Fig. 32. Enemas should 
be given slowly, and the animal allowed to retain 
them for a short time. The nozzle of the hose should 
be oiled or soaped before it is inserted, so as not to 
injure the mucous coat of the rectum. 
DOSES OF MEDICINE 
The amount of medicine given at one time is called a 
“dose.” It may vary, not only with the size, age and 
temperament of the animal, but also in the different dis- 
eases and according to the way in which the medicine is 
given. In general, a horse will take eight to ten times 
as much medicine as a man, and cattle take one-third 
more than horses. Animals of a nervous tempera- 
ment require less medicine than the slow, easy-going 
phlegmatic ones. The size of the animal, also, plays 
an important part in the amount given. Young 
animals require less medicine than older ones of the 
same size. 
Medicines for animals should be of good quality. In 
order to get a quick result from them they should be as 
finely divided as possible, in the form of powders or in 
solution. If kept any length of time, they should be 
protected from evaporation by corking or tight boxes. 
Some medicines lose their strength, while others be- 
come stronger. A small cupboard that ean be locked 
is an excellent place in which to keep medicines. All 
medicines should be plainly labeled, 
