Spaying 189 
is inserted through the incision, the ovaries are found on 
either side of the uterus and removed with an eeraseur 
or emasculator, made for the purpose. This is an 
excellent method when it can be used. 
Second.—The flank method. This is used mostly 
for heifers and sows, though some surgeons also use 
it for bitches. Heifers are confined in the standing 
position, in stanchions, and crowded against a wall on 
the left side; the hair is clipped from a space about 
six inches long and two inches wide, between the point 
of the hip and last rib, antiseptics used, and an inci- 
sion four or five inches long made through the skin 
and muscles. Some operators prefer the left side, but 
the rumen, or “paunch,” is somewhat in the way. 
The left hand, previously cleaned and oiled, is inserted, 
the ovaries found lying on either side of the uterus 
or womb, and removed with an emasculator or spaying 
shears. The wound is closed with two strong stitches, 
antiseptics being used. Both ovaries are removed 
through one incision. 
A sow is laid on a table, the mouth firmly tied 
with a strip of strong cloth to prevent biting. The 
incision can be made ou either side. -The tube connect- 
ing the ovary with the uterus is found and followed 
to the ovary, which can be removed by tearing off 
with the thumb and finger; the other ovary is re- 
moved in like manner through the same incision. 
Third.—Through the belly. This is used mostly 
on bitches. It is also used on sows and heifers, but 
is not so good as the flank method, on account of 
the danger of a rupture following, and because of the 
