Black Head and Roup 399 
have been thoroughly disinfected. It is best to disinfect, 
whitewash, admit sunshine and fresh air to the quarters 
for six months to one year after the disease has dis- 
appeared. It is the best plan, where a considerable num- 
ber of fowls are kept, to divide them into small separate 
flocks, as they do better, and contagious diseases are 
more easily checked. 
BLACK HEAD 
This is a disease of turkeys and chickens, due to the 
presence in the intestines of an animal germ. It is fre- 
quently seen in the eastern states. 
There is diarrhea, resembling that of fowl cholera, 
except that it is not so severe and is not attended with 
great weakness and prostration. There is dullness or 
partial stupor. As the disorder progresses, the comb, 
and later the wattles, become dark purple, a symptom 
from which the disease takes its name. 
At present there seems to be no satisfactory medic- 
inal treatment. The best plan is to kill the bird as 
soon as the first symptoms appear and burn the body. 
The quarters should be disinfected and kept clean. The 
food and water supply must be wholesome. If these 
things are carefully looked after, and no diseased birds 
are allowed to remain with the healthy ones, there is 
little trouble in checking the difficulty. 
ROUP 
Roup is a contagious inflammation of the mucous 
membranes of the head of fowls, associated with a 
eatarrhal discharge from the nostrils and eyes. Itisa 
