Gravel— Foul Sheath 405 
water once daily, will often remove the concretious. In 
case the calculi are large or cause much irritation, the 
best treatment is to remove them surgically. In mares 
this can easily be done in most cases by passing a 
“goosebilled” forceps into the bladder through the ure- 
thra, crushing the calculi and removing the pieces. In 
males it is necessary to make an incision into the 
urethra just below the anus, and to pass the forceps 
into the bladder through this ineision. A_ skilled 
surgeon should be employed to perform the operation. 
FOUL SHEATH 
In some males, especially wethers, steers and geld- 
ings, there is sometimes an accumulation of material 
from the glands of the skin of the sheath, which often 
hinders the free discharge of urine. This deposit may 
dilate the sheath and by retaining urine increase the 
trouble. The sheath may be distended with a decom- 
posing mass of material that greatly annoys the animal, 
and causes a general debility through the absorption 
of the poisons resulting from it. 
The hair or wool should be clipped away, and if nec- 
essary an incision should be made from the entrance of 
the sheath backward in order to make a free opening 
and to remove the irritating material. Wash thor- 
oughly with warm water and soap, and afterward apply 
white lotion. In geldings the sheath and penis should 
be greased with fresh lard or vaseline. In cattle and 
sheep, it is often necessary to treat several times before 
the parts return to their normal condition. 
