Doses of Medicine 431 
sized dog is approximately that for a man. Puppies 
must not be given large doses, especially if they belong 
to the small breeds. Colts one year old take about 
one-third the dose of an adult horse; at two years old, 
about one-half the dose. The same ratio will hold with 
regard to young cattle. 
Medicines should always be well diluted, to prevent 
injury to the animal. Im the use of medicines, two 
systems of measurement are employed. For solid sub- 
stances apothecaries’ weight is used, the following table 
giving the weight and symbols: 
Symbol 
1 grain . Si, at Oe Bane Sot of ‘ Gt. 
20 grains = 1 seruple i) 
3 scruples = 1 dram (or drachm) Ee 
8 drams = 1 ounce es 
12 ounces=1 pound roe th. 
The seruple is not often used at present in weighing 
medicines. 
For fluid substances the following measnres of 
capacity are used : 
1 minim . 3 a3 pe SK a m. 
60 minims = 1 fluid dram «Lael Qe 8 3 
8 fluid drams=1 fluid ounce. ...... £3 
16 fluid ounces = 1 pint . Be ONS RAS Ha HEE oO. 
2 pints =1 quart A Abas g Ghia aes eo is Qt. 
4 quarts= 1 gallon b vee So bay Cc. 
In writing a prescription, if a fluid dram or ounce is 
intended, the letter f is placed before the symbol. To 
indicate the number of measures to be taken the letter 
