128 Bird Studies. 



are obscure white in color, with markings of varying shades of brown, mainly 

 at the larger end. 



These Warblers are found throughout North America. They breed 

 from Northern New England northward to Labrador. They winter in the 

 West Indies and Central America. 



Cairns's Warbler is somewhat smaller than its prototype, and has the 



area between the wings more definitely marked with black than the Black- 



Caims's Warbler ^^^'^^^^^ Blue Warbler. It is the local race of that bird 



Dendroica caeruiescens breeding in the higher parts of the Alleghany Mountains 



cairnsi Coues. r it* • • ^ /"• 



from Virgmia to Georgia. 

 I found this bird breeding rather commonly at Mountain Lake, Giles 

 County, Virginia, at an altitude of about 4000 feet. This was in June, i88g. 

 The breeding habits do not differ fromthose of the more northern bird. 



In richness of livery, few of the Warblers can compete with the Cape 

 May. It has a kind of beauty all its own. Yellows and warm browns re- 



Caoe Mav lieved by black and olive are combined in a pattern that 



Warbler. defies imitation. 



Dendroica tigrioa (Gmei.). The birds are about five inches long. Males in the 



spring have a black crown, the feathers of which are just tipped with olive 

 green. The area about the ear is reddish chestnut, and is enclosed in a 

 larger bright yellow patch on the sides of the neck. The upper back is dark 

 olive green, streaked with black. The rump is bright greenish yellow, and 

 the under parts, except the white of the belly and feathers under the tail, are 

 bright gamboge yellow streaked with black. The throat is sometimes tinged 

 with reddish chestnut like the region of the ears. There is a large white 

 area on the wings, and on the inner web of the exterior tail feathers. The 

 bill is more acute than in other representatives of this genus. 



The female is grayish olive green above with a yellowish rump, and a 

 yellow stripe over the eye. Below the ground color varies from whitish 

 yellow to sometimes deep yellow streaked obscurely with dusky. In autumn 

 the markings of both sexes are much suffused and obscured by grayish olive. 



The nest is semi-pensile, of grasses and fine twigs and roots, fastened 

 with spider webs and fine plant fibres. It is attached to a low branch in open 

 woods, and sometimes in isolated trees in fields. 



