DIRECTIONS TO STUDENTS. 11 



here. What is it?" You have found the thing. 

 The name is not printed upon it, of course, 

 and as the name is merely something that has 

 been agreed upon by men to designate that thing, it 

 must be given to you either by your book or by your 

 teacher. 



In all your work you must regard the animal as a 

 living thing. It is not true that you are studying 

 merely a dead form. On the grasshopper we study 

 the eyes, because he sees with them ; we study the 

 antenniB, because he feels with them ; the mouth 

 parts, because he bites with them ; the spiracles, 

 because he breathes with them ; the wings, because 

 he flies with them ; and so with every other struc- 

 ture that we study, it has some use or some mean- 

 ing in the life of the animal, and it is a part of 

 our work to see what that meaning is and to see 

 how all the parts work together to enable the animal 

 to live tlie life that he leads. Wherever possible, 

 of course, the living animal is to be studied in its 

 home. 



The purpose of the laboratory directions in this 

 book is to direct your study and not to give informa- 

 tion. It is very difficult not to give too much infor- 

 mation in the laboratory directions, but the attempt 

 has been made to avoid it. 



Much of the benefit to be derived from the study 

 of zoology can be obtained from the study of the 

 specimen even though you be supplied with the most 

 meager apparatus. The hand lens seems to be the 

 only piece of apparatus that is absolutely indispen- 

 sable, although a better equipment will contribute 

 very much to the efficiency of your work. You ought 

 to have a copy of the text-book to guide you in the 

 work, a specimen of the object to be studied, a note- 

 book, and pen and ink with which to record your 

 observations and make your drawings ; you ought 



