118 INTRODUCTION TO ZOOLOGY. 



8. Sou tlie reproductive organs. If it is near the 

 breeding season, large eggs are likely to be found in 

 the ovaries. 



9. See the large retractor muscle, by means of 

 which the head is drawn into the shell. 



10. Observe the mode of attachment of the neck to 

 the carapace. How many vertebrae in the neck? 

 Clean one and draw. 



11. Examine the skull. How many occipital 

 condyles? Is there a third eyelid? Has the turtle 

 any teeth? What is the nature of the jaws? 



12. Observe the fore leg. What is the covering 

 of the feet? How many toes on the fore leg? 



13. Identify the scapula and the clavicle. 



14. Study the hind legs. How many toes on each 

 hind leg? How is the pelvis attached to the carapace? 



15. Are there any ribs? Of what is- the carapace 

 composed? How many plates or bones can be counted 

 on the inside of the carapace? 



16. How many bones in the tail? How is the tail 

 united to the carapace? 



17. Of how many layers is the carapace composed? 

 Is the outer layer of the same material as the inner 

 layer ? 



Make a table showing resemblances lietween a 

 pigeon and a turtle, as follows : — 



' jaws encased in a horny beak 

 no teeth 



third eyelid (nictitating membrane) 

 I tarsus scaly 

 Pigeon / one occipital condyle 



Turtle ^ lower jaw articulates with the skull by means of a 

 quadrate bone 

 dorsal vertebras consolidated 

 intestine opening into a (^luaca 

 \ right branch of aorta the principal one 



