188 



ESSENTIALS OF BOTANY 



tissue, the outer portion pulpy and edible, the inner por- 

 tion of almost stony hardness. In common language the 

 hardened inner layer of the pericarp, enclosing the seed, 

 is called the stone (Fig. 140); hence the name stone-fruits. 

 228. The Pome. — The fruit of the apple, pear, and 

 quince is called a pome. It consists of an ovary of sev- 

 eral carpels — the seeds and 

 the tough membrane sur- 

 rounding them in the core 

 — enclosed by a fleshy, edi- 

 ble portion which makes up 

 the mam bulk of the fruit. 

 In the apple and the pear 

 much of the fruit is re- 

 ceptacle. 



229. The Pepo or Gourd- 

 Fruit. — In the squash, 

 pumpkin, cucumber, and all 

 of the species and varieties 

 of melons and gourds the 

 ripened ovary, together 

 with the thickened recep- 



0, oil reservoirs near outer surface of tacle, makes Up a peculiar 

 rind ; e, corky layer of epidermis. p •, , ■ ,^ r> i 



iruit (with a firm outer 

 rind) known as the ^;ej.)o. The relative bulk of greatly 

 enlarged hollow receptacle and of ovary in such fruits is 

 not always the same. 



How does the amount of material derived from fleshy 

 and thickened placentse in the squash compare with that 

 in the watermelon? 



330. The Berry. — The berry proper, such as the tomato, 

 grape, persimmon, gooseberry, currant, and so on, consists 



Tig. 



141. Cross-Section of 

 an Orange. 



a, axis of fruit Tvith dots showing cut-off 

 ends of fibro-vascular bundles ; p, par- 

 tition between cells of ovary ; S, seed ; 

 c, cell of ovary filled with a pulp com- 

 posed of irregular tubes full of juice; 



