ELM F.UIILY 



63 



serrate, 3-4 in. long. Flowers in close clusters with very short pedi- 

 cels. Fruit obovate-elliptical, with a fissure extending almost to the 

 seed, nearly smooth and not ciliate. Considerably planted as a, shade 

 tree and rarely escaped from cultivation. Very variable, one variety 

 with thick ridges of cork on the twigs. 



3. U. americana L. White Elm. A large tree with gray bark, 

 drooping branches, and smooth or slightly downy twigs. Leaves oval 

 or obovate, abruptly taper-pointed at the apex, obtuse and oblique at 

 the base, slightly rough above, soft-downy or soon smooth beneath. 

 Flowers in close fascicles ; pedicels slender, smooth. Fruit oval or 

 obovate, with "2 sharp teeth bending toward each other at the apex; 



Fig. 12. Ulmus campestris 



A, a flowering twig; B, a flower; C, longitudinal section of a flower; D, a, 

 fruit. (^, Z), natural size; iJ, C, enlarged.) (After Wossidlo) 



wing reticulate-veined, downy on the margin. In moist, rich soil. 

 A widely planted ornamental tree; wood strong but warping badly, 

 and not diu-able when exposed.* 



4. U. racemosa Thomas. Cork Elm, Rock Elm. A large tree 80- 

 100 ft. high, with the young twigs somewhat downy ; the branches 

 often with ridges of cork. Leaves much as in U. americana, but 

 smaller and less sharply serrate. Flowers racemed, on thread-like 

 pedicels. Fruit oval, downy on the surface and densely ciliate. 

 In rich soil, especially along river banks. A highly valuable timber 

 tree. 



5. U. alata Michx. Winged Elm. A small tree with branches 

 corky-winged. Leaves small, ovate-lanceolate, acute, sharply serrate^ 

 base nearly equal-sided, rough above, downy beneath, nearly sessile. 



