PARAMPHINOME. 221 



Ehlers (1864) placed the Amphinomea as the first family of his order Nereides, 

 characterising them as having the mouth on the under surface, surrounded by several 

 segments. The head is not clearly denned, and bears a caruncle which extends over 

 several segments. Under this family he includes Ohloeia, Notopygos, Lirione, Amphinome, 

 Hermodice, Eurythoe, Euphrosyne, Spinther, Aristenia, Hipponoe, Lophonota, Zothea, and 

 Didymobr'anchus. 



Grube, in his ' Annulata Semperiana' (1878), comprehended the Euphrosynidse in his 

 family Amphinomea. He describes them as having an oval or elongate body, more or 

 less depressed, frequently tetragonal : and with one or two anal appendages. The 

 cephalic lobe is united with the buccal segment beneath, generally with a caruncle and 

 a bifid pre-buccal process. Tentacles one or three, sub-tentacles (palpi) two or none. 

 Eyes two pairs. Mouth inferior. Buccal segments several, rarely one. Dorsal cirri 

 single or double ; ventral single, cirri rarely absent. Fascicles of bristles double on each 

 side. Spines none. Bristles simple, now capillary, now unequally bifurcate; rarely com- 

 pound, hooked. Branchiae dorsal or marginal ; pinnate, ramose or simple, rarely absent. 

 Pharynx (proboscis) somewhat suboval, having neither jaws nor papilhe. This is a more 

 detailed diagnosis than he gives in his ' Eamilien der Anneliden ' (1851). 



Claus, in his ' Grundzuge ' (1880), made the Amphinominas the first sub-family of the 

 Amphinomidse. 



Cams describes the Amphinomea ('Prod. Faun. Medit.,' 1884) as having the mouth 

 on the ventral surface, surrounded symmetrically by several segments ; cephalic lobe little 

 differentiated, or represented by a caruncle on the dorsal surface covering several segments. 

 The genus Amphinome he characterises thus : — Head with three antenna?, four eyes, and a 

 distinct caruncle ; tentacular cirri two ; caruncle covering two to three segments, more or 

 less plicate; feet biramous, divisions distinct, a hiatus between the bristles; branchise 

 arborescent, branches and ramuscles numerous. 



Genus I. — Paramphinome, Sars, 1867. 



The genus Paramphinome was characterised by Sars as having a moderately 

 elongate vermiform body, segments few. Cephalic lobe small, produced posteriorly ; no 

 caruncle; no eyes. Five short tentacles, cylindrical and subequal— a median in the 

 posterior part of the head, two anterior, and two lateral. Dorsal and ventral cirri present 

 in the first segment of the body, elongate, similar to the cephalic tentacles ; rudimentary in 

 the other segments. Mouth a longitudinal fissure surrounded by four fleshy lips. Anus 

 terminal. Feet biramous, the dorsal and the ventral divisions, which are small, widely sepa- 

 rated. The dorsal bristles are of two kinds — a shorter simple serrated series, and a longer 

 wxd much more slender kind, with a spur at the base of the terminal region. Amongst these 

 are also some long, slender, and tapering bristles— faintly and sparsely serrated towards 

 the tip. The inferior bristles have in some the distal end of the shaft dilated and bifur- 

 cate, one of the divisions being short and simple, the other elongate and serrate; others 

 are long and slender, with fine serrations towards the tip, while a few are shorter and 

 more boldly serrate. Two strong and somewhat S-shaped hooks are in front of the 



