288 GATTYANA CIKKOSA. 



The segmental papilla is directed between the feet, and is in the form of a slightly 

 tapered process of some length. The northern forms agree with the British in regard 

 to this structure. 



Posteriorly, the body terminates in two elongated caudal styles, which have a 

 similar structure to the cirri. 



Proboscis. — When extruded, the organ shows on each edge nine terminal papillae 

 similar in shape to those of Lepidonotus. The horny jaws appear to resemble those of 

 the genus named, and they are acutely pointed. 



Two long, slender caeca pass forward into the peripharyngeal space. 



Scales (Plate XXXI, fig. 1) — fifteen pairs. The first pair are somewhat 

 circular and ciliated all round, the inner and anterior margins having short 

 and somewhat clavate cilia, the rest being densely covered with similar cilia, which 

 as usual, are often thickened by parasitic growths. The surface has numerous 

 small horny papillae scattered over it, so that it is finely spinous. Such a scale 

 however, is in contrast with the Arctic examples or those from the Gulf of St. 

 Lawrence, Norway, and Finmark, in which the sharp brown spines form prominent 

 features in every scale of both large and small examples. Bifid tips also occur on many 

 of the spines, as mentioned by Malmgren. It is not a question of size in regard to this 

 difference between the British and the other examples, for in large representatives 

 from the west of Ireland the same features are present as in the other British specimens. 

 Moreover, the cilia are more prominent in the northern forms. These features, however, 

 by no means indicate specific difference, for the general characters remain diagnostic. 



The condition of the scales of the British examples is more like that of Gattyana 

 Amofisdeni, Mrgn., though the spines are not so visible under a lens. 



The scales of some have grains of sand and mud attached externally. Old and fine 

 specimens have a dull olive hue on the dorsum, while the edges are flanked by the paler 

 bristles and cirri, which are often, however, so coated with parasitic algae and other 

 structures, and grains of sand, that their normal hne is obscured. The scales of the large 

 examples from the tubes of Amphitrite have a finely-streaked appearance from the dark 

 growths on the spines. 



Colour. — Dorsum of a pale yellowish-brown or sandy colour, the anterior scales 

 being somewhat darker. In a considerable number (the majority of those tossed 

 on shore at St. Andrews) a dark greyish-brown spot occurs at the point of attachment, 

 and these form a somewhat regular row along each side. The prominent spines of the 

 Arctic examples are brownish. The same dark spot at the point of attachment is present 

 in some of these, and a dark touch at the inner border of each scale, so that an 

 interrupted double band occurs along the middle of the dorsum. Tentacular processes 

 pale. Head deep pinkish red, or only between the posterior eyes. In some the central 

 process of the nuchal collar is bordered with dark pigment. Under surface pale, 

 iridescent. Bristles pale yellow. 



None of the British examples appear to show the dark median band of the dorsum 

 from the nuchal fold backward, with fainter touches of colour in the median depressed 

 parts of each segment to the tail, where darker pigment again appears, which 

 characterises some Arctic examples (Godhaven Harbour). Flecks of pigment are also 



