318 HARMOTHOE IMBRIOATA. 



clavate papilla. These papillae were well marked in a series of comparatively small 

 pale examples brought by Canon Norman from Finmark. The larger coloured speci- 

 mens showed them less distinctly. The spines are larger in certain arctic examples, 

 e. g. from Davis Strait. The cilia differ much in length even in large specimens. Some 

 of the scales in spirit-preparations adhere with great tenacity ; others separate readily. 

 Their colour varies much, being, to take the order of Malmgren, bluish grey, 

 greyish, brownish, or dark brown with a purplish or violet lustre, reddish brown 

 (Vandyke brown), almost black, or greatly variegated. A striking variety has pale buff 

 scales bordered with a narrow belt of dark brown. Others agree with the foregoing 

 except that the scale is darker brown (Bismarck), with a small white patch in the centre 

 and a few darker grains in front, the whole forming a beautiful series. Some have the 

 outer half of the scales whitish, the inner blackish grey or brown, so that the animal 

 has a broad blackish or brownish band down the centre. Occasionally the pale fawn- 

 coloured scales are minutely and uniformly speckled with small brown touches. A few 

 again are almost white. Some have a broad brownish-red belt, almost a third the 

 breadth of the scale, curving within the posterior border, and as these are arranged 

 symmetrically the effect is agreeable. A developing scale shows minute clavate cilia 

 before the spines appear. 



Development of the Scales. — These seem to be reproduced with considerable rapidity, 

 forming miniature scales on the end of the peduncles, with a trace of brownish pigment 

 over the scar. They consist of a superficial cuticle, which is quite smooth, and of a 

 subjacent cellular layer within which the connective tissue rapidly proliferates. 



Feet. — The first foot has often only a single bristle, conforming to the dorsal 

 type. 



The second foot has a short ventral lobe and a long ventral cirrus with clavate 

 papilla?. The dorsal bristles are smaller, shorter, and more curved than usual, but 

 are otherwise of the normal structure. The ventral are much more slender than the 

 normal, and the spinous region is proportionally long and hispid, while the smooth tip 

 is slender and simple. 



The third foot has much stronger dorsal bristles than the second, and the ventral 

 bristles have also increased in size. In these the upper and lower groups still have 

 simple tips, while the median series have bifid tips, but the region is more slender than 

 in the typical foot, and the secondary process small. The spinous rows are also more 

 hispid (i. e. have longer spines) than in the typical foot. 



As we proceed backward the characters of the typical foot are acquired (Plate XXX, 

 fig. 1). It shows dorsally a strong series of somewhat straight or only slightly curved 

 bristles with well-marked spinous rows, and a smooth spear-shaped tip of some length 

 (Plate XXXVIII, fig. 14). In examples from Greenland the tips of these (dorsal) 

 bristles are so elongated as to be almost sabre-shaped. In specimens from Cornwall, 

 again, the spinous rows are finer, and the bare portion at the tip somewhat differs. In 

 young examples the front edge is slightly bevelled. The ventral division bears a series 

 of strong bristles, every one of which has a bifid tip. In the upper series the smooth 

 portion at the tip is slightly curved outward, and the secondary process is short and 

 sharp (Plate XXXVIII, fig. 15). The terminal hook is well marked. In those with 



